Anaerobic Growth of Microorganisms with Chlorate as an Electron Acceptor

Malmqvist, Åsa; Welander, Thomas; Gunnarsson, Lars

doi:10.1128/aem.57.8.2229-2232.1991

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although no chlorate or chlorite accumulated in the bottle, the chloride concentration increased by 143.2 mg/L (4.04 mM), accounting for 95% of the perchlorate decrease in the bottle. This is consistent with other biological perchlorate reduction research found in the literature, which has demonstrated complete microbial conversion of perchlorate to chloride (Coates et al, 1999;Herman & Frankenberger, 1999;Rikken et al, 1996;Attaway & Smith, 1993;Malmqvist et al, 1991).…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 92%

Abiotic and Biotic Perchlorate removal in an activated carbon filter

Brown

Snoeyink

Kirisits³

2002

Journal AWWA

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Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration experiments demonstrated that perchlorate was removed by ion exchange rather than by chemical reduction. A column ion‐exchange capacity of 0.172 mg perchlorate per g GAC was calculated. Batch tests confirmed that ion exchange was the dominant mechanism of perchlorate removal by GAC. When influent dissolved oxygen (DO) was 2.5 mg/L and an electron donor solution was supplied, efficient reduction of 50 μg/L perchlorate was achieved using biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration. Perchlorate reduction decreased as the concentration of nitrate in the filter increased. With low influent DO and nitrate concentrations and excess electron donor added, the BAC filter removed 50 μg/L perchlorate to below detection for 103 days of flow at a 25‐min empty bed contact time. Batch biological experiments verified the occurrence of biological reduction and demonstrated that microorganisms in the BAC filter converted perchlorate completely to chloride.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 92%

Abiotic and Biotic Perchlorate removal in an activated carbon filter

Brown

Snoeyink

Kirisits³

2002

Journal AWWA

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“…The optimum temperature for the bacterial bromate reduction is most probably above 20ЊC (Table 4). Malmqvist et al (19) found a reduction of 110 mg of ClO 3…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…are also able to reduce chlorate (ClO 3 Ϫ ) (18) and selenate (SeO 4 2Ϫ ) (16,17). Chlorate is an effective electron acceptor for bacteria (19), and it is likely that bromate is used in the same way. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that bromate removal stagnated in the absence of ethanol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction of chlorate to chloride by denitrifying bacteria under anaerobic conditions has been studied extensively (5,6,18,19,21,23,24). A mixed bacterial population reduced ClO 3 Ϫ to chloride with acetate as the sole energy and carbon source (19). The same authors showed that 70 mg of chlorate per liter was removed completely in an anaerobic fixed-film process (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bromate reduction by denitrifying bacteria

Hijnen¹,

Voogt²,

Veenendaal³

et al. 1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In the presence of bromide, ozonation as applied in water treatment results in the formation of bromate, an ion with carcinogenic properties. The reduction of bromate by mixed bacterial populations as well as pure cultures was studied under laboratory conditions. Bromate was reduced to bromide by a mixed bacterial population with and without a preceding nitrate reduction step in an anaerobically incubated medium with ethanol as the energy and carbon source at 20 and 25؇C. The predominating bacteria isolated from the batches showing bromate reduction were identified as Pseudomonas spp. Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens reduced BrO 3 ؊ to Br ؊ but at a much lower rate than the mixed bacterial population did. Nitrate is a preferred electron acceptor for the bromate-reducing bacteria. Bromate reduction did not occur in the presence of NO 3 ؊ , and the rate of bromate reduction was at least 100 times lower than the rate of nitrate reduction. Bromate was completely converted to Br ؊ , indicating that intermediates, e.g., BrO 2 ؊ , did not accumulate during bromate reduction. on July 6, 2020 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ Downloaded from 240 HIJNEN ET AL. APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL. on July 6, 2020 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ Downloaded from a This group included isolates Br1, Br4, Br5, Br14, Br16, Br22, and Br23. b This group included isolates Br15, Br17, Br18, Br19, Br21, Br24, and Br25. c This group included isolates Br2, Br3, Br6 to Br13, and Br20.

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“…ClO À 2 ! O 2 þ Cl À [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The first two steps are catalyzed by perchlorate reductase, and are relatively slower than the last step [5,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of aerobic respiration and dissimilatory perchlorate reduction using cyanide

Song

Logan

2004

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The effect of low concentrations of cyanide on dissimilatory perchlorate and chlorate reduction and aerobic respiration was examined using pure cultures of Azospira sp. KJ. Cyanide at a concentration of 38 microM inhibited cell growth on perchlorate, chlorate and molecular oxygen, but it did not inhibit the activity of chlorite dismutase. When oxygen accumulation was prevented by adding an oxygen scavenger (Oxyrase or L-cysteine), however, cells completely reduced perchlorate in the presence of cyanide. It was concluded that the inhibition of dissimilative perchlorate reduction by cyanide at this concentration was a consequence of oxygen accumulation, not inhibition of the enzymes used for perchlorate reduction. This finding on the effect of cyanide on respiratory enzymes provides a new method to control and study respiratory enzymes used for perchlorate reduction.

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Anaerobic Growth of Microorganisms with Chlorate as an Electron Acceptor

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Abiotic and Biotic Perchlorate removal in an activated carbon filter

Abiotic and Biotic Perchlorate removal in an activated carbon filter

Bromate reduction by denitrifying bacteria

Inhibition of aerobic respiration and dissimilatory perchlorate reduction using cyanide

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