Anaerobic Muscle Enzyme Changes After Interval Training

Abstract

In contrast to endurance training, little evidence is available concerning the effects of sprint-type training programs on the anaerobic metabolism of skeletal muscle. Four male subjects completed a mean of 16 training sessions consisting of eight 200-m runs at 90% of maximal speed, which were separated by 2-min rest periods. Before and after the 5-week training period, muscle biopsies were taken out of the lateral head of m. gastrocnemius and analyzed for the activities of phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Following training there was a significant increase in the subjects' performance time in a treadmill test at a speed of 16 km/h speed and 15% grade. Significant increases were observed in the activities of phosphorylase, PFK, GAPDH, LDH, and MDH, whereas the 17.5% increase in SDH was not statistically significant. It is concluded that interval training with high intensity and a 1:4 work-rest ratio leads to increased activities of key enzymes involved in glycogenolysis and anaerobic glycolysis of skeletal muscle.

Extremely low-volume, high-intensity interval training improves exercise capacity and increases mitochondrial protein content in human skeletal muscle

“…Increases in anaerobic performance are typically associated with improved content of glycolytic protein [9] and increased capacity for lactate transport out of exercise muscle [10]. Surprisingly, we have not observed increases in either PFK or MCT1 protein content.…”

“…In addition to the mechanisms underlying aerobic adaptations following HIT training, the mechanisms that underlie the observed increase in anaerobic capacity induced by the Tabata protocol are also of interest. Specifically whether adaptations typically associated with improved anaerobic performance, including increased glycolytic capacity [9] and lactate transport [10], are also improved following extremely low-volume HIT is unknown.…”

A comparison of respiratory compensation thresholds of anaerobic competitors, aerobic competitors and untrained subjects

“…Research has not addressed this question and so traininginduced changes in mitochondrial uptake or lactate formation from pyruvate in anaerobically trained athletes remain unclear. While research is lacking, it is reasonable to believe that ANC in the current investigation may have demonstrated high RCT values partially due to peripheral enzymatic adaptations which have previously been observed (Linossier et al 1997;MacDougall et al 1998;Roberts et al 1982). Future studies should seek to more rigorously examine this possibility.…”

“…Therefore, while this may have contributed to threshold values of ARC, _ V V O 2max values of ANC suggest an alternate explanation for this group must be sought. Previously, biopsy research has shown anaerobic training enhances LDH activity (Linossier et al 1997;MacDougall et al 1998;Roberts et al 1982). While specific types (isozymes) of LDH favor pyruvate formation (Holloszy 1982), previous studies have not differentiated between specific LDH isozymes.…”

“…Anaerobic training stimulates peripheral adaptations such as changes in intramuscular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, with (MacDougall et al 1998) and without (Linossier et al 1997;Roberts et al 1982) …”