Anaerobic Semi-Continuous Culture Biodegradation of Dichlorophenols Containing an Ortho Chlorine

Hrudey, S.E.; Knettig, E.; Fedorak, Phillip M.; Daignault, S.A.

doi:10.2166/wqrj.1987.033

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…2-Chlorophenol was the most rapidly degraded isomer. Reductive dechlorination of the ortho-chlorine of dichlorophenols by the sewage sludge was also observed [76,80]. Similar results have also been observed in methanogenic cultures using sediment or soil as inoculum [81][82][83][84]89].…”

Section: Anaerobic Degradation Of Halophenolssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Anaerobic degradation of chlorophenols has been studied more closely under methanogenic conditions using sewage sludge or sediments as inoculum [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]. These studies have indicated that the methanogenic degradation of chlorophenols is initiated by reductive dechlorination.…”

Section: Anaerobic Degradation Of Halophenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Häggblom

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

363

132

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Considerable progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the mechanisms of microbial degradation of halogenated aromatic compounds. Much is already known about the degradation mechanisms under aerobic conditions, and metabolism under anaerobiosis has lately received increasing attention. The removal of the halogen substituent is a key step in degradation of halogenated aromatics. This may occur as an initial step via reductive, hydrolytic or oxygenolytic mechanisms, or after cleavage of the aromatic ring at a later stage of metabolism. In addition to degradation, several biotransformation reactions, such as methylation and polymerization, may take place and produce more toxic or recalcitrant metabolites. Studies with pure bacterial and fungal cultures have given detailed information on the biodegradation pathways of several halogenated aromatic compounds. Several of the key enzymes have been purified or studied in cell extracts, and there is an increasing understanding of the organization and regulation of the genes involved in haloaromatic degradation. This review will focus on the biodegradation and biotransformation pathways that have been established for halogenated phenols, phenoxyalkanoic acids, benzoic acids, benzenes, anilines and structurally related halogenated aromatic pesticides. There is a growing interest in developing microbiological methods for clean‐up of soil and water contaminated with halogenated aromatic compounds.

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Section: Anaerobic Degradation Of Halophenolssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Anaerobic Degradation Of Halophenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Häggblom

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

363

132

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“…Haggblom et al., unpublished data). The different relative rates at which each of the monochlorophenol isomers are degraded under sulfate-reducing conditions are the reverse of those found for methanogenic cultures (5,9,15,16;Haggblom et al,unpublished data; 0. O'Connor and L. Y.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In anoxic sediments, nitrate, sulfate, or carbonate may serve as a terminal electron acceptor for degradation of organic material. Anaerobic degradation of chlorophenols has mainly been studied under methanogenic conditions (5,6,10,11,15,16,20,23,33). These studies with freshwater sediments, soil, and sewage sludge as inoculum have shown that degradation of chlorophenols is initiated by reductive dechlorination, with complete mineralization to CO2 and CH4 observed in some cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chlorophenol degradation coupled to sulfate reduction

Häggblom

Young

1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

117

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We studied chlorophenol degradation under sulfate-reducing conditions with an estuarine sediment inoculum. These cultures degraded 0.1 mM 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol within 120 to 220 days, but after refeeding with chlorophenols degradation took place in 40 days or less. Further refeeding greatly enhanced the rate of degradation. Sulfate consumption by the cultures corresponded to the stoichiometric values expected for complete oxidation of the chlorophenol to CO2. Formation of sulfide from sulfate was confirmed with a radiotracer technique. No methane was formed, verifying that sulfate reduction was the electron sink. Addition of molybdate, a specific inhibitor of sulfate reduction, inhibited chlorophenol degradation completely. These results indicate that the chlorophenols were mineralized under sulfidogenic conditions and that substrate oxidation was coupled to sulfate reduction. In acclimated cultures the three monochlorophenol isomers and 2,4-dichlorophenol were degraded at rates of 8 to 37 ,umol liter-' day-'. The relative rates of degradation were 4-chlorophenol > 3-chlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol. Sulfidogenic cultures initiated with biomass from an anaerobic bioreactor used in treatment of pulp-bleaching effluents dechlorinated 2,4-dichlorophenol to 4-chlorophenol, which persisted, whereas 2,6-dichlorophenol was sequentially dechlorinated first to 2-chlorophenol and then to phenol.

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“…Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Ferry and Wolfe, 1976;Genthner et al, 1989aGenthner et al, , 1989b Grbic-Galic and Young, 1985;Healy and Young, 1979;Keith et al, 1978;Zhang and Wiegel, 1990 Kuhnetal., 1989Genthner et al, 1989a Young, 1978, 1979;Knoll and Winter, 1987; Wiegel, 1990 Grbic-Galic andHealy et al, 1980Balba and Evans, 1980bColberg and Young, 1985Grbic-Galic, 1983; Grbic-Galic and Young, 1985;Healy and Young, 1979;Kaiser and Hanselmann, 1982;Young and Rivera, 1985 O'Connor etal., 1989 Madsenetal., 1988Smolenski and Suflita, 1987 Grbic-Galid and Grbid-Galic, 1986 Boyd andBoyd et al, 1983;Genthner et al, 1989aGenthner et al, , 1989bGibson and Suflita, 1986;Horowitz et al, 1982, 1983Hrudey et al, 1987a, 1987bShelton and Tiedje, 1984;Suflita et al, 1982Genthner et al, 1989a Suflita, 1986 Genthner et al, 1989a;Gibson and Suflita, 1986;Kohring et al, 1989a;Zhang and Wiegel, 1990 Hale etal., 1990Gibson and Suflita, 1986Hrudey et al, 1987b;Kohring et al, 1989a;Zhang and Wiegel, 1990Gibson and Suflita, 1986Gibson and Suflita, 1986 Boyd, 1985 DeWeerd et al, 1986; Suflita, 1986, 1990;Mikesell and Boyd, 1985; Suflita et al, 1984 Kuhn andSuf...…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of sulfate in microbial transformations of environmental contaminants: Chlorinated aromatic compounds

Colberg

1990

Geomicrobiology Journal

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Despite recent progress made in describing microbial transformations that occur under anaerobic conditions, our understanding of the role sulfate-reducing bacteria may play in the remediation of environmental contaminants is still very limited. The objective of this mini-review is to summarize what is currently known of the metabolism of chlorinated aromatic compounds in the presence of sulfate. Sulfidogenic processes are discussed with respect to the thermodynamics of haloaromatic oxidation and to their potential use in the in situ bioremediation of hazardous organic wastes. A comprehensive listing is made of anaerobic transformations that involve both halogenated and nonhalogenated monoaromatic substrates by denitrifiers, dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, and methanogenic consortia. In contrast to other anaerobic processes, studies involving sulfate-mediated metabolism of hazardous organic compounds have been neglected; however, the recent success in defining methanogenic transformations, in particular, has enhanced expectations of defining an analogous role for sulfate-reducing microbial communities in low redox environments that have become contaminated with hazardous substances.

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Anaerobic Semi-Continuous Culture Biodegradation of Dichlorophenols Containing an Ortho Chlorine

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Chlorophenol degradation coupled to sulfate reduction

Role of sulfate in microbial transformations of environmental contaminants: Chlorinated aromatic compounds

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