Anaerobic treatment as a core technology for energy, nutrients and water recovery from source-separated domestic waste(water)

Zeeman, G.; Kujawa, K.; Mes, Titia de; Hernández, Lucía; Graaff, Marthe de; Abu-Ghunmi, Lina; Mels, A.R.; Meulman, Brendo; Temmink, Hardy; Buisman, Cees J.N.; Lier, Jules B. van; Lettinga, G.

doi:10.2166/wst.2008.101

Cited by 139 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Lower H 2 S values in the MEC-septic tank were measured between day 25 to day 60 of phase 1 and during phase 2, they became below detection limits (<2 ppmv). The H 2 S concentrations in the control reactor were as high as 700 ppmv (day [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and on average about 200 ppmv (day 20-98). …”

Section: Biogas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and a septic tank (UASB-septic tank) enhances the contact between the sludge bed and the sewage, increases the removal of suspended solids and allows methanation of dissolved organic compounds [7]. In the context of source separated decentralized water treatment, the UASB-septic tank has been proposed for the treatment of black water as well [6][7][8]. Black water (mainly faeces and urine) has high concentrations of organic material and nutrients, making it a suitable input for anaerobic digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of a lab-scale bio-electrochemical assisted septic tank for the anaerobic treatment of black water

Zamalloa¹,

Arends²,

Boon³

et al. 2013

New Biotechnology

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Performance of a lab-scale bio-electrochemical assisted septic tank for the anaerobic treatment of black water. New Biotechnology 30 (5) 573-580 doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2013.01.009 Title: Performance of a lab-scale bio-electrochemical assisted septic tank for the anaerobic treatment of black water. AbstractSeptic tanks are used for the removal of organic particulates in wastewaters by physical accumulation instead of through the biological production of biogas. Improved biogas production in septic tanks is crucial to increase the potential of this system for both energy generation and organic matter removal. In this study, the effect on the biogas production and biogas quality of coupling a 20 L lab-scale septic tank with a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) was investigated and compared with a standard septic tank. Both reactors were operated at a volumetric organic loading rate of 0.5 gCOD/L d and a hydraulic retention time between 20 and 40 days using black water as an input under mesophilic conditions for a period of 3 months. The MEC-septic tank was operated at an applied voltage of 2.0 ±0.1V and the current experienced ranged from 40 mA (0.9 A/m 2 projected electrode area) to 180 mA (5 A/m 2 projected electrode area). The COD removal was of the order of 85% and the concentration of residual COD was not different between both reactors. Yet, the total phosphorous in the output was on average 39% lower in the MEC-septic tank. Moreover, the biogas production rate in the MEC-septic tank was a factor of 5 higher than in the control reactor and the H 2 S concentration in the biogas was a factor of 2.5 lower. The extra electricity supplied to the MECseptic tank was recovered as extra biogas produced. Overall, it appears that the combination of MEC and a septic tank offers perspectives in terms of lower discharge of phosphorus and H 2 S, nutrient recuperation and a more reliable supply of biogas.

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Section: Biogas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a lab-scale bio-electrochemical assisted septic tank for the anaerobic treatment of black water

Zamalloa¹,

Arends²,

Boon³

et al. 2013

New Biotechnology

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“…Yet, this approach can be feasible and profitable, as for instance shown in a pioneering project in Sneek (NL), where grey and concentrated black water is collected from 32 houses (Zeeman et al, 2008;Meulman et al, 2010). The integrated treatment approach allows maximum recovery of the resources in both water streams (Fig.…”

Section: Zerowastewater Technologies For Source-separated Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It takes hours to days for the sewerage microorganisms to bring all particulate components in the water into solution, the so-called liquefaction or hydrolysis. In 'fresh' black water for instance, only about 15% of the COD is soluble (Zeeman et al, 2008), whereas this is around 40-45% when sewage reaches the CAS plant (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003;Henze, 2008). Furthermore, for long sewerage retention times, oxidation of 30% of the dissolved COD was observed prior to arrival at the treatment plant (Huisman et al, 2004).…”

Section: Zerowastewater Technologies For End-of-pipe Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZeroWasteWater: short-cycling of wastewater resources for sustainable cities of the future

Verstraete

Vlaeminck

2011

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ec

204

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Actual sewage treatment relies on conventional activated sludge (CAS), which reaches sufficiently low carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus effluent levels, but is not cost-effective, hardly achieves recovery, requires electricity equivalent to a fossil fuel consumption of 85 kWh per inhabitant equivalent (IE) per year and has an operational CO 2 footprint of 80 kg CO 2 IE −1 year −1 . Projected water and phosphorus shortages and the need to lower greenhouse gas emissions force us to rethink wastewater treatment for sustainable cities of the future. ZeroWasteWater offers an approach to short-cycle water, energy and valuable materials while adequately abating pathogens, heavy metals and trace organics. A less diluted waste stream will be obtained from sewerage improvements, a more rational use of potable water and the addition of ground kitchen waste, complemented by an advanced physicochemical or/and biological concentration step at the entry of the sewage treatment plant. Anaerobic digestion will recover electricity from the concentrated stream and further treatment will render a value of 6.2 EUR IE −1 year −1 under the form of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, and the carbon-sequestrating biochar. In the water stream, residual nitrogen will be removed through partial nitritation and anammox, followed by heat recovery and add-on membrane technologies yielding potable water (> 65 m 3 IE −1 year −1 ). Overall, compared to a CAS system without sludge digestion, the recovery of energy and nutrient in ZeroWasteWater avoids a fossil fuel use of 439 kWh IE −1 year −1 and an operational emission of 88 kg CO 2 IE −1 year −1. Interestingly, such approach is expected to be economically viable. The key challenges remain to incorporate water chain management in holistic urban planning and to render a cradle to cradle approach which society will find acceptable.

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“…The advantages of AD for waste treatment include: production of a useable fuel (biogas/methane); possibility of high organic loading; reduced carbon footprint; and suitability for integration into a wide variety of process configurations and scales [2,4]. AD is increasingly applied world-wide; in 2011, 8,760 anaerobic bioreactors were reported in Europe, most of which were used to produce renewable energy from organic feedstock [5,6], itself a limited resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Digestion

Fermoso

Hullebusch²,

Guibaud

et al. 2015

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

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A challenging, and largely uncharted, area of research in the field of anaerobic digestion science and technology is in understanding the roles of trace metals in enabling biogas production. This is a major knowledge gap and a multifaceted problem involving metal chemistry; physical interactions of metal and solids; microbiology; and technology optimization. Moreover, the fate of trace metals, and the chemical speciation and transport of trace metals in environmentsoften agricultural lands receiving discharge waters from anaerobic digestion processes -is completely unknown but simultaneously represents challenges for environmental protection and opportunities to close process loops in anaerobic biotechnologies. Affiliation 1.

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Anaerobic treatment as a core technology for energy, nutrients and water recovery from source-separated domestic waste(water)

Cited by 139 publications

References 12 publications

Performance of a lab-scale bio-electrochemical assisted septic tank for the anaerobic treatment of black water

Performance of a lab-scale bio-electrochemical assisted septic tank for the anaerobic treatment of black water

ZeroWasteWater: short-cycling of wastewater resources for sustainable cities of the future

Fate of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Digestion

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