Anaerobic Treatment of Manure Together with Industrial Waste

Ahring, Birgitte Kiær; Angelidaki, Irini; Johansen, Keld

doi:10.2166/wst.1992.0163

Cited by 86 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In Europe, an increasing number of biogas plants use manure as an energy source. 5,6 Most conventional digesters used for animal waste treatment are continuously stirred-tank reactors. 7,8 In Denmark, some of the industrial biogas plants have a separate pasteurization step where the substrate is heated to 70°C for 30 or 60 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Mesophilic Treatment of Cattle Manure in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor with Prior Pasteurization

Marañón

Castrillón

Fernández

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Different autonomous communities located in northernSpain have large populations of dairy cattle. In the case of Asturias, the greatest concentration of dairy farms is found in the areas near the coast, where the elimination of cattle manure by means of its use as a fertilizer may lead to environmental problems. The aim of the present research work was to study the anaerobic treatment of the liquid fraction of cattle manure at mesophilic temperature using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor combined with a settler after a pasteurization process at 70°C for 2 hr. The manure used in this study came from two different farms, with 40 and 200 cows, respectively. The manure from the smaller farm was pretreated in the laboratory by filtration through a 1-mm mesh, and the manure from the other farm was pretreated on the farm by filtration through a separator screw press (0.5-mm mesh). The pasteurization process removed the pathogenic microorganisms lacking spores, such as Enterococcus, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, and coliforms, but bacterial spores are only reduced by this treatment, not removed. The combination of a UASB reactor and a settler proved to be effective for the treatment of cattle manure. In spite of the variation in the organic loading rate and total solids in the influent during the experiment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent from the settler remained relatively constant, obtaining reductions in the COD of ϳ85%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Mesophilic Treatment of Cattle Manure in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor with Prior Pasteurization

Marañón

Castrillón

Fernández

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Often, acetate and propionate will be the dominating intermediates in the anaerobic process. There is special focus, therefore, on evaluating the relationships and levels of these intermediates (Ahring, 1994;Ahring et al, 1992Ahring et al, , 1995Angelidaki and Ahring, 1994;Hill et al, 1987;Pullammanappallil et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the anaerobic process: Effects of volatile fatty acids

Pind

Angelidaki

Ahring

2003

Biotech & Bioengineering

149

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A complex and fast dynamic response of the anaerobic biogas system was observed when the system was subjected to pulses of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). It was shown that a pulse of specific VFAs into a well-functioning continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system operating on cow manure affected both CH(4) yield, pH, and gas production and that a unique reaction pattern was seen for the higher VFAs as a result of these pulses. In this study, two thermophilic laboratory reactors were equipped with a novel VFA-sensor for monitoring specific VFAs online. Pulses of VFAs were shown to have a positive effect on process yield and the levels of all VFA were shown to stabilize at a lower level after the biomass had been subjected to several pulses. The response to pulses of propionate or acetate was different from the response to butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, or iso-valerate. High concentrations of propionate affected the degradation of all VFAs, while a pulse of acetate affected primarily the degradation of iso-valerate or 2-methylbutyrate. Pulses of n-butyrate, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate yielded only acetate, while degradation of n-valerate gave both propionate and acetate. Product sensitivity or inhibition was shown for the degradation of all VFAs tested. Based on the results, it was concluded that measurements of all specific VFAs are important for control purposes and increase and decrease in a specific VFA should always be evaluated in close relationship to the conversion of other VFAs and the history of the reactor process. It should be pointed out that the observed dynamics of VFA responses were based on hourly measurements, meaning that the response duration was much lower than the hydraulic retention time, which exceeds several days in anaerobic CSTR systems.

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“…Anaerobic digestion is a simple and effective biological process for the treatment of different organic wastes and the production of energy in the form of biogas (1). A number of full-scale anaerobic digesters for biogas production have been developed and installed in Denmark during the last 20 years (27).…”

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Influence of Environmental Conditions on Methanogenic Compositions in Anaerobic Biogas Reactors

Karakashev

Batstone

Angelidaki

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

455

246

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The influence of environmental parameters on the diversity of methanogenic communities in 15 full-scale biogas plants operating under different conditions with either manure or sludge as feedstock was studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify dominant methanogenic members of the Archaea in the reactor samples; enriched and pure cultures were used to support the in situ identification. Dominance could be identified by a positive response by more than 90% of the total members of the Archaea to a specific groupor order-level probe. There was a clear dichotomy between the manure digesters and the sludge digesters. The manure digesters contained high levels of ammonia and of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and were dominated by members of the Methanosarcinaceae, while the sludge digesters contained low levels of ammonia and of VFA and were dominated by members of the Methanosaetaceae. The methanogenic diversity was greater in reactors operating under mesophilic temperatures. The impact of the original inoculum used for the reactor start-up was also investigated by assessment of the present population in the reactor. The inoculum population appeared to have no influence on the eventual population.Anaerobic digestion is a simple and effective biological process for the treatment of different organic wastes and the production of energy in the form of biogas (1). A number of full-scale anaerobic digesters for biogas production have been developed and installed in Denmark during the last 20 years (27). They have been designed mainly for the codigestion of manure with a smaller fraction of other waste as a supplemental substrate. Specific environmental and operating factors influence anaerobic conversion processes in these codigestion plants, and similar factors also have an influence on wastewater primary and activated sludge (WW sludge) digesters. Some of the more important factors are temperature (4), ammonia level (7), and loading rate, which affects overall process stability, generally as measured by the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the digester (2).Anaerobic digestion is a multistep microbial process mediated by functionally different microbial groups-saccharide and amino acid fermenters, VFA oxidizers, and methanogens (17, 21). The two functional groups of methanogens (hydrogenotrophic and aceticlastic) have been well described in terms of physiology and phylogeny (11). Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and aceticlastic methanogenesis are also the key processes within anaerobic digestion, as when these processes are inhibited, digestion is effectively blocked at acidogenesis. Optimization of methanogenesis is difficult, because of both low growth rates and the susceptibility of the organisms to toxins (6).Organisms described as mediating hydrogenotrophic and aceticlastic methanogenesis are found within five phylogenetic orders (12). One of the hydrogenotrophic orders, Methanopyrales, has only hyperthermophilic member species and will not be considered further. The main orders and t...

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Anaerobic Treatment of Manure Together with Industrial Waste

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Anaerobic Mesophilic Treatment of Cattle Manure in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor with Prior Pasteurization

Anaerobic Mesophilic Treatment of Cattle Manure in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor with Prior Pasteurization

Dynamics of the anaerobic process: Effects of volatile fatty acids

Influence of Environmental Conditions on Methanogenic Compositions in Anaerobic Biogas Reactors

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