Anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol and its effects on nitric oxide, plasma endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 in miniature pigs

Abstract

This study focused on anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/ tramadol in miniature pigs and its effects on endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. A total of 14 eight-month-old Chinese experimental miniature pigs were used in this study. Tiletamine-zolazepam (3.5 mg·kg ) were administered i.m.; blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. At the same time, blood was collected through precaval vein, and nitric oxide, endothelin, 6-keto-PGF 1α and thromboxanes B 2 were determined by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay. The mean times to dorsal recumbency, duration of immobilization, standing and walking were 2.26 ± 0.72, 87.57 ± 9.61, 25.63 ± 12.55 and 36.70 ± 14.53 min, respectively. Blood pressure was significantly changed at 10 and 80 min (P < 0.01), and the heart rate ranged from 89 to 134 bpm without episodes of severe bradycardia or tachycardia. Significantly positive correlation was observed between endothelin, thromboxanes B 2 and blood pressure as well as the heart rate (P < 0.05). There was negative correlation between PGI 2 and blood pressure as well as heart rate (P < 0.05). The results showed that endothelin, 6-keto-PGF 1α and thromboxanes B 2 participated in the changing of cardiopulmonary parameters which were caused by tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazinetramadol anaesthesia in miniature pigs, and the 6-keto-PGF 1α , ET and TXB 2 concentrations in plasma participated in the changing of blood pressures during anaesthesia. Therefore, we can recommend tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol for anaesthesia in pigs, and this study also contributes to the evaluation of the effect of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors during anaesthesia. Swine, cardiopulmonary, endothelium-derived vasoactive factors, correlation

Effects of the tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination on plasma oxidative status and haematological indicators in miniature pigs

“…Tiletamine/zolazepam is an injectable drug combination used widely by veterinarians in mammalian species, alone or in combination with other anaesthetic agents (Williams et al 2002;Ko et al 2007;Re et al 2011;Lu et al 2013). Xylazine is an α 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist sedative with analgesic properties that has a significant effect on depression of the heart rate and the respiratory system (Derossi et al 2003).…”