Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr

Bäckström, Tobias; Heynen, Mar­ti­na; Brännäs, Eva; Nilsson, Jan; Winberg, Svante; Magnhagen, Carin

doi:10.1007/s10641-016-0563-0

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In dominant individuals, telencephalic 5-HIAA/5-HT was positively correlated to spots, and in subordinate individuals, optic tectum 5-HIAA was negatively correlated to spots (Backström et al, 2015c ). Similarly, in another experiment on the effects of anesthetics both optic tectum 5-HIAA and telencephalic 5-HT were correlated to spots, positive and negative respectively, in two different treatment groups (Backström et al, 2017 ). Thus, carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr is associated with stress responsiveness and stress coping styles, similar to the case of melanin pigmentation in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout.…”

Section: Social Signals and Stress—possible Links With Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 82%

Serotonin Coordinates Responses to Social Stress—What We Can Learn from Fish

Bäckström

Winberg

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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Social interaction is stressful and subordinate individuals are often subjected to chronic stress, which greatly affects both their behavior and physiology. In teleost fish the social position of an individual may have long-term effects, such as effects on migration, age of sexual maturation or even sex. The brain serotonergic system plays a key role in coordinating autonomic, behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses. Social subordination results in a chronic activation of the brain serotonergic system an effect, which seems to be central in the subordinate phenotype. However, behavioral effects of short-term acute activation of the serotonergic system are less obvious. As in other vertebrates, divergent stress coping styles, often referred to as proactive and reactive, has been described in teleosts. As demonstrated by selective breeding, stress coping styles appear to be partly heritable. However, teleost fish are characterized by plasticity, stress coping style being affected by social experience. Again, the brain serotonergic system appears to play an important role. Studies comparing brain gene expression of fish of different social rank and/or displaying divergent stress coping styles have identified several novel factors that seem important for controlling aggressive behavior and stress coping, e.g., histamine and hypocretin/orexin. These may also interact with brain monoaminergic systems, including serotonin.

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Section: Social Signals and Stress—possible Links With Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 82%

Serotonin Coordinates Responses to Social Stress—What We Can Learn from Fish

Bäckström

Winberg

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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“…The expression of the dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) gene was up-regulated in the brain of bold zebrafish Danio rerio compared to reactive individuals (Thörnqvist et al, 2019). Furthermore, handling and treatment with anesthetics increased the concentrations of DA metabolites in the telencephalon of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Backström et al, 2017) comparable with the aforementioned 5-HT levels in stressed rainbow trout. Also NA, which contributes to vigilance and arousal (Singh et al, 2015), has been subject to increased turnover in rainbow trout under stress conditions (Øverli et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Time-Dependent Effects of Acute Handling on the Brain Monoamine System of the Salmonid Coregonus maraena

et al. 2020

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The immediate stress response involves the activation of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems including serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in particular areas of the fish brain. We chose maraena whitefish as a stress-sensitive salmonid species to investigate the influence of acute and chronic handling on the neurochemistry of monoamines in the brain. Plasma cortisol was quantified to assess the activation of the stress axis. In addition, we analyzed the expression of 37 genes related to the monoamine system to identify genes that could be used as markers of neurophysiological stress effects. Brain neurochemistry responded to a single handling (1 min netting and chasing) with increased serotonergic activity 3 h post-challenge. This was accompanied by a modulated expression of monoaminergic receptor genes in the hindbrain and a significant increase of plasma cortisol. The initial response was compensated by an increased monoamine synthesis at 24 h post-challenge, combined with the modulated expression of serotonin-receptor genes and plasma cortisol concentrations returning to control levels. After 10 days of repeated handling (1 min per day), we detected a slightly increased noradrenaline synthesis and a down-regulated expression of dopamine-receptor genes without effect on plasma cortisol levels. In conclusion, the changes in serotonergic neurochemistry and selected gene-expression profiles, together with the initial plasma cortisol variation, indicate an acute response and a subsequent recovery phase with signs of habituation after 10 days of daily exposure to handling. Based on the basal expression patterns of particular genes and their significant regulation upon handling conditions, we suggest a group of genes as potential biomarkers that indicate handling stress on the brain monoamine systems.

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“…In this study, the fish subjected to acute physical stress showed significantly elevated plasma cortisol levels (levels in the NAG group were 1.7-fold those in the CG group). The maximum levels of plasma cortisol in P. argenteus were somewhat lower than those in other fishes, such as the Arctic charr (Backström et al, 2017) and Oncorhynchus kisutch (Talbot et al, 2009). Therefore, low but significant levels of cortisol after stress could suggest that P. argenteus is sensitive to aquaculture treatment stresses and stresses with significant effects on this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effects of the anesthetic MS-222 on silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) juveniles under aquaculture treatment stresses

Cao

Wang

et al. 2018

Preprint

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2The silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is a major economically important marine fish in China. 3However, P. argenteus is sensitive to many stress factors and susceptible to injury. This problem could 2 4 be resolved using anesthesia. We determined the lowest effective dose (LED) of tricaine 2 5 methanesulfonate (MS-222) and assessed the longest safe deep anesthesia time and effect after 2 6 aquaculture treatment stresses. P. argenteus juveniles were exposed to six concentrations of MS-222 2 7(10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg L -1 ); LED was established at 75 mg L -1 . The juveniles were exposed 2 8to different deep anesthesia times (4, 7, 10, 12, and 15 min) at 75 mg L -1 ; the longest safe deep 2 9anesthesia time under LED was 10 min. Finally, the juveniles were randomly divided into four groups: 3 0 control group (CG), draining group (DG, drain), anesthetic group (AG, drain + MS-222 + aquaculture 3 1 treatment); and non-anesthetic group (NAG, drain + aquaculture treatment). Plasma cortisol levels in 3 2 the NAG, AG, DG, and CG groups were 38.739 ± 1.065 (highest), 25.083 ± 0.587, 28.644 ± 0.612, and 3 322.620 ± 0.836 ng mL -1 (lowest). The AG group showed significant differences in superoxide 3 4 dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde activities, except for glutathione. HSP70, HSP90, GR1, and 3 5GR2 mRNA levels in the NAG group increased sharply in response to stressors. GR1 and GR2 mRNA 3 6 levels in the AG group also increased significantly, whereas HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels showed 3 7 no significant differences. Thus, MS-222 can reduce oxidative damage, stress reaction, and resistance 3 8to aquaculture treatment stresses in P. argenteus.

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Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Serotonin Coordinates Responses to Social Stress—What We Can Learn from Fish

Serotonin Coordinates Responses to Social Stress—What We Can Learn from Fish

Time-Dependent Effects of Acute Handling on the Brain Monoamine System of the Salmonid Coregonus maraena

Effects of the anesthetic MS-222 on silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) juveniles under aquaculture treatment stresses

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