Anaesthetic Effects of Eugenol on Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) of Different Sizes at Different Concentrations and Temperatures

Abstract

Essential oil derivatives are widely used for anaesthetising aquatic animals. However, the effectiveness of anaesthesia often varies according to the anaesthetic agent, species, temperature, dosage, and interactions among these factors. This study evaluated the effects of eugenol on three sizes of the shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis at different concentrations and temperatures. Eugenol dose, water temperature, and shrimp size were found to significantly influence anaesthesia in P. sinensis. Induction time decreased linearly with increasing water temperature and eugenol concentration, while it increased with body weight. However, recovery times lengthened with increasing concentration and temperature, and shortened with lower body size. At 100 and 200 μL/L eugenol concentrations, the survival rates of medium and large shrimps were maintained at over 80% at all temperatures studied over 72 h recovery. However, the survival rates of small shrimps were below 60% at 24 °C and 28 °C over 5 days of recovery. These results suggest that eugenol is an effective and rapid anaesthetic for P. sinensis, but it might have disadvantages such as slow recovery and possible mortality in small shrimps and at higher temperatures and dosages.

Clove oil as an anaesthetic for Australian redclaw crayfishCherax quadricarinatus

“…Thus, in smaller crayfish the relative gill surface area is larger and anaesthetic absorption and elimination is faster than that for medium and larger crayfish. Similar results were reported for the grass shrimp P. sinensis (Li et al, ).…”

“…Clove oil has the criteria of an ideal anaesthetic, which means rapid induction and recovery times, easy administration to the animal, low dose effectiveness, low cost and non‐toxic to humans (Priborsky & Velisek, ). Results of the present study indicate that clove oil is an effective anaesthetic for redclaw crayfish as it was for other crustaceans including Nephrops norvegicus (Cowing, Powell, & Johnson, ) and grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes sinensis ) (Li, She, Han, Sun, Liu, & Li, ).…”

“…The effectiveness of an anaesthetic depends on the dose and other factors such as body weight and gender (Ross & Ross, ; Santos et al, ; Li et al, ). Results of the present study indicated that clove oil concentrations of 375 and 500 μl/L induce rapid induction and recovery times, with 500 μl/L being the more effective.…”

“…The effective concentration of an anaesthetic depends on the species being tested. Li et al () reported that concentrations of eugenol ranging from 100 to 500 μl/L were effective to anaesthetize the shrimp P. sinensis and also noted that the most effective and safe dose of eugenol that induced anaesthesia in P. sinensis was 200 μl/L. Vartak and Singh () tested various clove oil concentrations in postlarval (15–125 mg/L) and juvenile (75–1,000 mg/L) freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii .…”

Computational analysis of eugenol inhibitory activity in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways

“…3A. Those molecules also have a very close surface area, eugenol has a surface area of 388,859 Å 2 and aspirin 379,426 Å 2 . That explain them similar behaviour and interactions in the COX-2 hydrophobic active pocket.…”