Anaesthetic efficacy and biochemical effects of 1,8-cineole in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss , Walbaum, 1792)

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the anaesthetic efficacy and biochemical effects of 1,8-cineole (cineole) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were exposed to 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800 ll/L cineole and time of induction of anaesthesia and recovery from anaesthesia were recorded. Thereafter, the fish haematological and biochemical responses to anaesthesia with different concentrations of cineole were studies. Moreover, the haematological and biochemical response of fish anaesthetized for 300 s with either cineole (283 ll/L) or eugenol (25 ll/L) were compared. Cineole at the concentrations of 200-800 ll/L induced stages 2, 3 and 4 anaesthesia within 109-29.3, 226-59 and 418-117 s respectively. Increase in anaesthesia induction time led to higher stress responses and enzymes' activity characterized by elevation in red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), blood haematocrit and haemoglobin, and plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities. However, cineole concentrations had no significant effects on plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and ions levels. Comparison of cineole with eugenol showed that cineole showed less change in blood RBC and plasma AST, ALP, CPK, cortisol and glucose levels compared to eugenol. In conclusion, cineole is efficient to anaesthetize trout at concentrations of 200-800 ll/L. Increase in cineole concentration shortens anaesthesia induction time, stress response and probably tissue damage. The concentrations of 600-800 ll/L cineol is recommended for rapid sampling as it causes the least stress and enzymatic responses. The present results suggest that cineole causes slightly lower side effects in trout compared to eugenol. K E Y W O R D S anaesthesia, cineole, fish, haematology, stress

Change in blood stress and antioxidant markers and hydromineral balance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) anaesthetized with citronellal and linalool: Comparison with eugenol

“…There is no study reporting stress responses of fish to anaesthesia with either citronellal or linalool to make a precise comparison. However, Taheri Mirghaed, Ghelichpour, Zargari, and Yousefi () found no significant difference in blood stress markers of Oncorhynchus mykiss anaesthetized by either eugenol or 1,8‐cineole; but there was a tendency to increase in stress response in the eugenol‐anesthetized fish. Yousefi, Hoseini, et al () found no significant difference in plasma stress markers of common carp anaesthetized with either eugenol or thymol.…”

Dietary 1,8‐cinoele affects serum enzymatic activities and immunological characteristics in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) exposed to ambient ammonia

“…Serum protein levels are indicators of fish health (Hoseini & Tarkhani, ; Hoseini, Hedayati, et al, ). Most of the fish serum proteins are synthetized in liver (Taheri Mirghaed, Ghelichpour, et al, ) and no change in their levels after ammonia challenge may suggest no adverse effects of the challenge on protein synthesis in common carp. However, it is necessary to determine serum protein electropherogram for better understanding of the effects of ammonia toxicity on serum proteins (Hoseini, Hedayati, et al, ).…”

“…Cineole is a strong antioxidant (Batish et al, ) showing growth promotion and stress mitigating effects in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Hoseini, Taheri Mirghaed, Iri, & Ghelichpour, ; Taheri Mirghaed, Hoseini, & Ghelichpour, ). It is also used as anaesthetic in aquaculture (Mazandarani & Hoseini, ; Taheri Mirghaed, Ghelichpour, Zargari, & Yousefi, ). Studies have shown that cineole can mitigate toxic effects of xenobiotic (2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin) in mice (Ciftci, Ozdemir, Tanyildizi, Yildiz, & Oguzturk, ).…”

Effects of anaesthesia with 1,8‐cineole on haematological and plasma stress responses in Caspian trout, Salmo caspius , subadults

“…In common carp, anaesthesia with 400 ppm cineole within 460 seconds led to higher cortisol and glucose levels, compared with anaesthesia with 1000 ppm within 180 seconds (Hoseini et al, 2020). Such results have been obtained in rainbow trout; moreover, fast anaesthesia has induced less hypoxia in the fish (Taheri Mirghaed, Ghelichpour, Zargari, et al, 2018). Despite these studies, the current knowledge about anaesthetic effects of cineole in fish is scarce and limited to these species, which rises a need for study on other fish species.…”

“…Although anaesthesia is a tool to mitigate stress during fish handling, it may cause stress by itself (Zahl et al, 2010). Previous studies have shown that anaesthesia with cineole significantly induces cortisol and glucose elevation in rainbow trout (Taheri Mirghaed, Ghelichpour, Zargari, et al, 2018) and common carp (Hoseini et al, 2020), and higher elevations were reported in the fish anaesthetized by lower cineole concentrations; it seems that the reason for such responses is time dependency of plasma cortisol and glucose.…”