Anaesthetic efficacy of Aqui-S, Benzoak, and MS-222 on lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) fries. Impact from temperature, salinity, and fasting

Jacobsen, Julianne Valla; Steen, Klemet; Nilssen, Kjell Tormod

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211080

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As far as age is concerned, MS‐222 differences have been described between embryo‐larval stages and more developed stages such as juvenile and adults (Ehrlich et al, 2019) due to changes in metabolic rate and oxygen consumption during ontogeny (Rombough, 2011) that may affect the absorption of drugs and anaesthesia induction. In addition, these physiological and metabolic changes are dependent on water characteristics with temperature‐ (Jacobsen et al, 2019; Skar et al, 2017; Zahl et al, 2009), oxygen‐ (Carter et al, 2011; Topic Popovic et al, 2012) and pH‐dependent (Christiansen & Stoskopf, 2013) effects being reported for MS‐222. In a similar way, different studies have reported water characteristics dependent effects between and within different monoterpenes (Cavali et al, 2020; Gomes et al, 2011; He et al, 2020; Yousefi et al, 2019, 2022; Zapata‐Guerra et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of anaesthetic agents has been increasing to address the welfare needs of different fish species in scientific and aquaculture practices. MS‐222 is the most used synthetic anaesthetic but some limitations and side effects have been reported. Natural substances have been used as potential substitutes with clove oil playing an important role due to its eugenol content. Yet, other monoterpenes have shown anaesthetic properties in different fish species. As such, a quantitative assessment has been conducted to explicitly relate and summarise the use of monoterpenes with described anaesthetic properties in fish. A combined PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Central and Europe PMC electronic database search was performed, from January 2002 to August 2022, following the PRISMA guidelines. Out of 1555 articles retrieved from the literature search, 30 English reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis through a generic inverse‐variance method (random‐effects model) and according to the fish age. The findings show a total of 10 different monoterpenes with high homogeneity and effectiveness in inducing anaesthesia and recovery according to the fish anaesthetic criteria. Further subgroup analysis showed these effects were independent of fish age. Meta‐regression of the included studies revealed an inverse linear association between anaesthesia induction and recovery time and water bath temperature while no further correlation was found with other confounding factors (body weight, water pH and dissolved oxygen levels). Although further studies will be required, this meta‐analysis provides robust evidence that different monoterpenes serve as an attractive and effective alternative for fish anaesthesia although water bath temperature also played an important role in anaesthesia outcome.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The efficacy of anesthetic agents in aquatic species is affected by biotic and abiotic factors, such as size, age, sex, salinity, pH, oxygen level, and water temperature [ 24 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Among these factors, temperature is arguably the most critical one [ 7 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study with marketable-size Nile tilapia (400–600 g), the determined optimal doses of MS-222 (300 µg/mL) and eugenol (90 µg/mL) [ 22 ] were higher than the doses for tilapia fries (3 g), which were 105 and 20 µg/mL, respectively [ 35 ]. Likewise, the effective doses of MS-222 for anesthetizing large-size (200–1300 g) and small-size lumpfish (10–20 g) were 200 and 100 µg/mL, respectively [ 21 ], while the appropriate dose for lumpfish fries (1 g) was only 60 µg/mL [ 29 ]. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the relationship between a fish’s body weight and anesthetic action is not always straightforward [ 8 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) at Different Temperatures: Study of Optimal Doses, Minimum Effective Concentration, Blood Biochemistry, Immersion Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Distributions

Hsu,

Rairat,

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to determine the optimal doses and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) in marketable-size Asian seabass reared at two temperatures (22 and 28 °C). Serum biochemical parameters, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distributions of MS-222 following immersion at the determined optimal doses were also evaluated in order to delineate possible mechanisms dictating the temperature difference. The definition of optimal dose is set as the dose when fish attain stage III anesthesia within 5 min, sustain this stage for 3 min, and re-attain equilibrium within 5 min. The MEC is the fish serum MS-222 concentration when stage III anesthesia is reached. The results showed that water temperature exerted no or minimal impact on the designated parameters. The optimal doses at 22 and 28 °C were 140 and 150 µg/mL, while the MECs were 70.48 and 78.27 µg/mL, respectively. Fish exposed to the optimal doses of MS-222 had significantly elevated blood concentrations of lactate, glucose, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, while the blood pH was significantly decreased. The fish eliminated MS-222 faster at 28 °C than at 22 °C, with serum half-lives of 18.43 and 37.01 h, respectively. Tissue-specific distribution patterns were evident. Irrespective of water temperature, MS-222 peaked at 5 min for the brain and gill but peaked slightly later at 10–20 min for the liver and kidney. Most tissues exhibit a gradual decline of drug concentration except for the gill, which was maintained at a steady level. Muscle is the least perfused tissue with the lowest drug concentration throughout the 90 min period. This study provided physiological and pharmacokinetic evidence contributing to a better understanding of the actions of MS-222 in Asian seabass at different temperatures.

show abstract

“…51 In terms of husbandry and logistics, participants highlighted problems surrounding the optimal timing and frequency of grading, the correct use of shelters 73 and tank enrichment, the development of a breeding programme 13 and the practical difficulties of separating lumpfish from salmon prior to cage treatment. Other, less pervasive challenges related to optimal light levels which are poorly known in lumpfish, 27,74 the choice and use of anaesthetics, 75 poor water quality and permissible bacteria loads, 76,77 lack of specific facilities for the rearing of the species, and the logistic constraints caused by working at remote sites. The challenge of balancing the welfare needs of lumpfish with efficiency in salmon production and a tendency to prioritise the needs of Atlantic salmon over those of lumpfish 44 were also flagged as particular issues.…”

Section: Challenges (N = 40) Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%