Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol in doctor fish (
            <i>Garra rufa</i>
            ): Behavioural and cardiovascular responses

Aydın, Baki

doi:10.1111/are.15049

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Around 73% of the included studies assessed the anaesthetic effects of these compounds in juvenile stages while 30% studied monoterpene anaesthesia in fish adult stages. The time to reach deep anaesthesia ranged from 1.0 min (Ferreira et al, 2021; Pereira‐da‐Silva et al, 2014) to 3.2 min (Araújo et al, 2021; Aydin, 2020) while time for recovery varied from 1.2 min (Ferreira et al, 2020) to 9.7 min (He et al, 2020). The recommended concentration varied from as low as 35 mg/L (Mazandarani & Hoseini, 2017) up to 1600 mg/L (Yousefi, Hoseinifar, et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the reported variations are resultant from different drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (Zahl et al, 2012). Despite the few studies on this topic, similar pharmacokinetics profiles have been described for the different monoterpenes in fish after immersion (Erbice Bianchini et al, 2019, 2020Guénette et al, 2007;Tago et al, 2018;Ventura et al, 2019). Generally, monoterpenes are rapidly absorbed through the gills and skin due to their relatively low molecular weight and high lipid solubility (Ghelardini et al, 2001), reaching peak plasma concentrations within 0.03 to 0.5 h (Erbice Bianchini et al, 2019Bianchini et al, , 2020Tago et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia

et al. 2023

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The use of anaesthetic agents has been increasing to address the welfare needs of different fish species in scientific and aquaculture practices. MS‐222 is the most used synthetic anaesthetic but some limitations and side effects have been reported. Natural substances have been used as potential substitutes with clove oil playing an important role due to its eugenol content. Yet, other monoterpenes have shown anaesthetic properties in different fish species. As such, a quantitative assessment has been conducted to explicitly relate and summarise the use of monoterpenes with described anaesthetic properties in fish. A combined PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Central and Europe PMC electronic database search was performed, from January 2002 to August 2022, following the PRISMA guidelines. Out of 1555 articles retrieved from the literature search, 30 English reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis through a generic inverse‐variance method (random‐effects model) and according to the fish age. The findings show a total of 10 different monoterpenes with high homogeneity and effectiveness in inducing anaesthesia and recovery according to the fish anaesthetic criteria. Further subgroup analysis showed these effects were independent of fish age. Meta‐regression of the included studies revealed an inverse linear association between anaesthesia induction and recovery time and water bath temperature while no further correlation was found with other confounding factors (body weight, water pH and dissolved oxygen levels). Although further studies will be required, this meta‐analysis provides robust evidence that different monoterpenes serve as an attractive and effective alternative for fish anaesthesia although water bath temperature also played an important role in anaesthesia outcome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia

et al. 2023

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“…According to the study by Cunha et al, 2015, females and males were sedated with eugenol at concentrations of 75 and 125 mg/L, respectively [4]. Additionally, a study on doctor fish (Garra rufa) suggested that eugenol at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/L is suitable for general aquaculture procedures, while 75 mg/L induces sedation and proves suitable for specific tasks requiring stability, such as blood collection [17]. Therefore, the study emphasizes the importance of controlling factors such as sex, size, and species when investigating anesthesia and recovery processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata)

Nuanmanee,

Sriwanayos,

Boonyo

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect between eugenol and 1,8-cineole on anesthesia in female guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Experiment I evaluated the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/L of eugenol and 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L of 1,8-cineole for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Experiment II divided fish into 16 study groups, combining eugenol and 1,8-cineole in pairs at varying concentrations, based on the dosage of the chemicals in experiment I. The results of the anesthesia showed that eugenol induced fish anesthesia at concentrations of 50 and 70 mg/L, with durations of 256.5 and 171.5 s, respectively. In contrast, 1,8-cineole did not induce fish anesthesia. In combination, using eugenol at 12.5 mg/L along with 1,8-cineole at 400 mg/L resulted in fish anesthesia at a time of 224.5 s. Increasing the eugenol concentration to 25 mg/L, combined with 1,8-cineole at 300 and 400 mg/L, induced fish anesthesia at times of 259.0 and 230.5 s, respectively. For treatments with eugenol at 50 mg/L combined with 1,8-cineole at 100 to 400 mg/L, fish exhibited anesthesia at times of 189.5, 181.5, 166.0, and 157.5 s. In the case of eugenol at 75 mg/L, fish showed anesthesia at times of 175.5, 156.5, 140.5, and 121.5 s, respectively. The testing results revealed that 1,8-cineole as a single treatment could not induce fish anesthesia. However, when supplementing 1,8-cineole in formulations containing eugenol, fish exhibited a significantly faster induction of anesthesia (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all fish that underwent anesthesia were able to fully recover without any mortality. However, the shorter anesthesia duration resulted in a significantly prolonged recovery time. In conclusion, eugenol and 1,8-cineole work better together as anesthetics than when used separately, and demonstrated the safety of using these anesthetic agents on guppy fish.

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“…In D. rerio , a stage of anesthesia similar to the one induced in A. leptorhynchus was achieved with a concentration of 60 µL/L eugenol within 1.5 min (Grush et al 2004 ). In G. rufa , total loss of equilibrium and movement, as well as absence of reaction to external stimuli, was observed at eugenol concentrations of 25 µL/L and 50 µL/L after approximately 3 min and 1.5 min, respectively (Aydın 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of eugenol anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

Lehotzky,

Eske,

Zupanc

2023

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Eugenol, the major active ingredient of clove oil, is widely used for anesthesia in fish. Yet virtually nothing is known about its effects on CNS functions, and thus about potential interference with neurophysiological experimentation. To address this issue, we employed a neuro-behavioral assay recently developed for testing of water-soluble anesthetic agents. The unique feature of this in-vivo tool is that it utilizes a readily accessible behavior, the electric organ discharge (EOD), as a proxy of the neural activity generated by a brainstem oscillator, the pacemaker nucleus, in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. A deep state of anesthesia, as assessed by the cessation of locomotor activity, was induced within less than 3 min at concentrations of 30–60 µL/L eugenol. This change in locomotor activity was paralleled by a dose-dependent, pronounced decrease in EOD frequency. After removal of the fish from the anesthetic solution, the frequency returned to baseline levels within 30 min. Eugenol also led to a significant increase in the rate of ‘chirps,’ specific amplitude/frequency modulations of the EOD, during the 30 min after the fish’s exposure to the anesthetic. At 60 µL/L, eugenol induced a collapse of the EOD amplitude after about 3.5 min in half of the fish tested. The results of our study indicate strong effects of eugenol on CNS functions. We hypothesize that these effects are mediated by the established pharmacological activity of eugenol to block the generation of action potentials and to reduce the excitability of neurons; as well as to potentiate GABAA-receptor responses.

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Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol in doctor fish ( Garra rufa ): Behavioural and cardiovascular responses

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia

A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia

Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata)

The effect of eugenol anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

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