Anal Cancer : A Review

Salati, Sajad Ahmad; Kadi, Azzam Al

doi:10.12816/0006000

Cited by 69 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Adenocarcinoma on the other hand occurred in 14% which also falls within the reported 3-19% [4,5,20,26,[36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Squamous carcinoma was almost six times as common as adenocarcinoma, occurring in 85% which falls within the reported 75-85% [1,26,36,37]. Adenocarcinoma on the other hand occurred in 14% which also falls within the reported 3-19% [4,5,20,26,[36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The dataset analysis included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, histopathological findings, tumour location and staging, treatment and follow-up. We use the WHO criteria which define anal margin tumours as arising from the skin outside the anal verge and tumours proximal to this landmark are considered anal canal tumours [6,[25][26][27]]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The clinicopathologic spectrum of anal cancer in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Ntombela

Sartorius

Madiba

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology

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“…Adenocarcinoma on the other hand occurred in 14% which also falls within the reported 3-19% [4,5,20,26,[36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The clinicopathologic spectrum of anal cancer in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Ntombela

Sartorius

Madiba

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These clinical pathological characteristics are in accordance with others findings. Salati and Kadi [23] reported that the mean size of anal tumors investigated in their study was 3.9 cm. They report that spread of anal cancer is mainly local and regional.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Anal cancer may spread via the lymphatic vessels (10-15%). Hematogenous spread develops in fewer than 10% of cases [23]. Studies have shown that the incidence of nodal metastasis in anal cancer is low (approximately 10%) [17,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in a Northeast City in Brazil: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

et al. 2017

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Background: Anal cancer malignancies comprise about 1.5 to 3% of cancers from the gastrointestinal in which high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is responsible for >80% of cases. The aim of this work was to detect and perform human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping in squamous cell carcinoma specimens from the anal canal and to investigate the association between viral infection and histopathological and clinical aspects. Methods: The presence of genotype-specific HPV DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue from 27 anal SCC samples from a reference cancer hospital of São Luís, State of Maranhão, Brazil was performed by Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Assay. Fisher's Exact test and Chi-square test were performed in order to evaluate the association between HPV type and clinical and morphological variables. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 54.96 years ± 15.81; 74.07% of patients were female. Vegetative ulcers represented the most common type of lesion (22.22%). The lesions ranged in size from 2.1 cm to 5.0 cm and mostly were well-differentiated (70.38%). Lymph node involvement was observed in 26% of the patients. Molecular evaluation revealed that HPV infection was detected in 81.48% of the lesions, and the most common type found was the oncogenic HPV 16. Statistical analysis indicated that the clinical and histopathological variables were not associated with HPV infection. Conclusions: Our results indicate that anal SCC rarely occurs in the absence of HPV and emphasize the predominant role of HPV16. The evaluation about genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in anal SCC is important to assess the potential benefit of HPV vaccination.

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Trends in utilization of first‐line palliative treatments for anal squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2022

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Background Anal squamous cell carcinoma patients often present with significant symptoms, including pain, bleeding, and obstructive symptoms. This requires palliation‐directed therapy as a first‐line treatment to alleviate symptoms. The proportion of patients receiving first‐line palliative treatments is unknown. We aimed to study the factors associated with the use of first‐line palliative treatments in stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods We used the National Cancer Database to identify adult patients diagnosed with stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2016. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with the utilization of palliative treatment in the first‐line setting, including palliative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and pain management. Results Among 16,944 patients diagnosed with stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma, only a small proportion of 492 (2.9%) required first‐line palliative treatments to control symptoms. The majority of these patients received palliative radiotherapy (32%), followed by palliative surgery (25%), palliative chemotherapy (19%), combination therapies (14%), and pain management (10%). On multivariable analysis, higher stage disease, lower income, Medicare and Medicaid insurance, and life expectancy <6 months were associated with higher odds of use of first‐line palliative therapy. Conclusions First‐line use of palliative treatments to control symptoms is needed in a small proportion of anal squamous cell cancer patients. It was utilized in all stages, but it was most frequently observed in patients with stage IV disease and patients with <6 months life expectancy. First‐line palliative therapy was also more frequent in lower‐income patients and patients with Medicare and Medicaid insurance which highlights the disparities in anal cancer management.

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Anal Cancer : A Review

Cited by 69 publications

References 103 publications

The clinicopathologic spectrum of anal cancer in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

The clinicopathologic spectrum of anal cancer in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in a Northeast City in Brazil: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Trends in utilization of first‐line palliative treatments for anal squamous cell carcinoma

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