Anal sex and associated HIV-related sexual risk factors among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India

Patra, Rajesh Kumar; Mahapatra, Bidhubhusan; Kovvali, Dolly; Proddutoor, Laxminarayana; Saggurti, Niranjan

doi:10.1071/sh11155

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We used the binomial distribution and logit link, and report odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous outcome variables (consistent condom use with paying partners, consistent condom use with non-paying partners, sex while high, PSA+ or ATS+). Multivariate analyses included all three violence exposures (moderate physical, severe physical, and sexual) and known and hypothesized confounders: age, education, marital status, and past month sex work venue (Argento et al, 2014; Beattie et al, 2010; Couture et al, 2011; Hong et al, 2013; Patra et al, 2012; Surratt et al, 2012). Since our a priori hypothesis was that violence exposed women would have increased HIV risk even in the presence of ATS use, we adjusted each sexual risk model for self-reported days of ATS use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Violence exposed women engaged in sex work report more frequent anal sex (Patra et al, 2012), higher numbers of sex partners (Go et al, 2011), less frequent condom use (Beattie et al, 2010; Go et al, 2011) and are at higher risk of sexually transmitted infections than those who have not experienced recent violence (Shannon et al, 2014). Violence is also associated with increased alcohol (Surratt, 2007), illegal drug use (Hong et al, 2013; Surratt, 2007), including marijuana and cocaine (Surratt, 2007) as well as injection drug use (Ulibarri et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of violence on sex risk and drug use behaviors among women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Moret

Evans²,

Stein³

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Violence, substance use, and HIV disproportionately impact female entertainment and sex workers (FESW), but causal pathways remain unclear. Methods We examined data from an observational cohort of FESW age 15-29 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia for associations between violence exposure and sexual risk and drug use. Validated measures of physical and sexual violence were assessed at baseline. Self-reported outcomes measured quarterly over the next 12-months included past month sexual partners, consistent condom use by partner type, sex while high, and amphetamine type stimulant (ATS) use. Biomarkers measured quarterly included prostate specific antigen (PSA) and urine toxicology. Generalized estimating equations were fit adjusting for age, education, marital status and sex work venue. Results Of 220 women, 48% reported physical or sexual violence in the preceding 12-months. Physical violence was associated with increased number of sex partners (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.04-1.71), greater odds of sex while high (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.42; 95% CI: 1.10-5.33), increased days of ATS use (aIRR 2.74; 95% CI: 1.29-5.84) and increased odds of an ATS+ urine screen (aOR 2.80, 95%CI: 1.38-5.66). Sexual violence predicted decreased odds of consistent condom use with non-paying partners (aOR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10-0.59) and greater odds of a PSA+ vaginal swabs (aOR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.13-2.93). Conclusions Physical and sexual violence are prevalent among Cambodian FESW and associated with subsequent sexual risk and drug use behaviors. Clinical research examining interventions targeting structural and interpersonal factors impacting violence is needed to optimize HIV/AIDS prevention among FESW.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of violence on sex risk and drug use behaviors among women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Moret

Evans²,

Stein³

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Similarly, reports from scientific research indicate a positive association between alcohol consumption and HIV risk [7], [11]–[15]. Moreover, FSWs who consume alcohol are more likely to engage in anal sex than those who do not [10], [16]. Recent advances in HIV research have also highlighted concurrent sexual relationship as another important factor in increasing the rate of infection in a population [5], [6], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, a growing body of literature suggests that in addition to condom use, practices such as anal sex and alcohol consumption, and the nature of sexual partnerships (single, sequential, multiple or concurrent multiple relationships), are factors that also need attention [1]–[6]. Empirical research suggests that, the practice of anal sex, even with a condom, can increase the chances of getting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and/or HIV [7]–[10]. Similarly, reports from scientific research indicate a positive association between alcohol consumption and HIV risk [7], [11]–[15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Practices among Female Sex Workers in Karnataka, India

Mahapatra

Lowndes²,

Mohanty

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionThe objectives of this study are to develop a summary measure of risky sexual practice and examine the factors associated with this among female sex workers (FSWs) in Karnataka, India.Materials and MethodsData were drawn from special behavioral surveys (SBS) conducted in 2007 among 577 FSWs in two districts of Karnataka, India: Belgaum and Bangalore. FSWs were recruited using the two-stage probability sampling design. FSWs' sexual practice was considered risky if they reported inconsistent condom use with any sexual partner and reported experience of one of the following vulnerabilities to HIV risk: anal sex, alcohol consumption prior to sex and concurrent sexual relationships.ResultsAbout 51% of FSWs had engaged in risky sexual practice. The odds of engaging in risky sex were higher among FSWs who were older (35+ years) than younger (18–25 years) (58% vs. 45%, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.4), who were currently married than never married (61% vs. 51%, AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 2.5–9.3), who were in sex work for 10+ years than those who were in sex work for less than five years (66% vs. 39%, AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.6–4.2), and who had sex with 3+ clients/day than those who had sex with fewer clients (67% vs. 38%, AOR: 3.7, 95% CI:2.5–5.5).ConclusionFSWs who are older, currently married, practicing sex work for longer duration and with higher clientele were more likely to engage in risky sexual practices. HIV prevention programs should develop strategies to reach these most-at risk group of FSWs to optimize the effectiveness of such programs.

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“…Empirical research has shown that on most occasions, FSWs tend to agree to sex, as well as to varieties of sexual acts such as anal sex and oral sex, if clients pay them more money. 37 However, FSWs' noncommercial relationships may be of a romantic nature and hence they may have a chance to choose sexual partners. Nevertheless, in both types of relationships, assortativeness is very low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degree and correlates of sexual mixing in female sex workers in Karnataka, India

Mahapatra

Lowndes²,

Gurav

et al. 2013

Sex. Health

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Abstract. Background:The degree of sexual mixing plays an important role in understanding disparities in sexually transmissible infections and HIV across social groups. This study examines the degree of sexual age mixing, and explores its individual and partnership level correlates among female sex workers (FSWs) in Karnataka, India. Methods: Data were drawn from special behavioural surveys conducted in 2006-07 among 577 FSWs in two districts of Karnataka: Belgaum and Bangalore. Sexual mixing in age was assessed as the difference in age between FSWs and their sexual partners, and the degree of assortativeness in sexual mixing was assessed using Newman's assortativity coefficient. Results: A total of 577 FSWs were interviewed; 418 of whom reported two or more partnerships, resulting in 942 partnerships. In about half (52%) of these partnerships, the age difference between the FSW and her sexual partner was 5 years or more. The degree of assortativity in age mixing was 0.098, indicating minimally assortative mixing. The disassortativeness in age mixing was positively associated with young age and no formal education, and negatively with duration in sex work. Partnerships which were of a commercial nature were more likely to be disassortative than noncommercial partnerships. Conclusion: The minimally assortative age mixing indicates sexually transmissible infections can transfer from members of one age group to another. Efforts are required to limit the transmission of infection from one group to other by promoting safer sexual behaviour.

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Anal sex and associated HIV-related sexual risk factors among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

The impact of violence on sex risk and drug use behaviors among women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

The impact of violence on sex risk and drug use behaviors among women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Practices among Female Sex Workers in Karnataka, India

Degree and correlates of sexual mixing in female sex workers in Karnataka, India

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