Analgesia in labour

Moore, J.; Dundee, John W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7236-0652-9.50028-2

Clinical Pharmacology in Obstetrics 1983

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7236-0652-9.50028-2

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Analgesia in labour

J. Moore¹,

John W. Dundee²

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1985

1989

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Cited by 2 publications

References 142 publications

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Elimination kinetics of thiopentone in mothers and their newborn infants

Gaspari

Marraro

Penna

et al. 1985

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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The elimination kinetics of thiopentone was studied in 7 newborns delivered by Caesarean section and in their mothers who had received the drug for induction of anaesthesia. At delivery, 4-9 min after induction, drug concentrations in cord blood were half those in material blood. The mean half-life of thiopentone in the newborns was about double that in their mothers (15 vs 7 h) confirming a disposition similar to other barbiturates. For the first time renal clearance of thiopentone was estimated in the newborn; 0.074 ml/h/kg. Only 0.0007% (about 2 micrograms) of the maternal dose was recovered in the urine of newborns over 36 h. Pentobarbitone, an active metabolite, was not detected in any specimen. The findings demonstrate the reliability of current anaesthesiological technique (thiopentone-succinylcholine-oxygen) with minimal fetal exposure to the drug.

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Elimination kinetics of thiopentone in mothers and their newborn infants

Gaspari

Marraro

Penna

et al. 1985

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Placental transfer and tissue distribution of thiopental in the pregnant rat

Celardo

Passerini

Bonati

1989

Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics

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The pharmacokinetic profile of thiopental was studied in pregnant rats after an iv bolus dose of 15 mg/kg. The unbound concentration-time profile of the drug in maternal plasma, placenta, fetal brain, fetal carcass, and amniotic fluid was described, developing an adequate pharmacokinetic model. Maternal plasma levels of thiopental fell rapidly after injection, distributing into tissues (half-life of distribution phase averaged 3 min). Thiopental crossed the placenta and entered the fetal body (brain included) and amniotic fluid. Peak levels were seen within 10 min of injection and declined in all tissues parallel to maternal plasma (rate constant range 0.012-0.017 min-1). The concentrations of drug in the fetal unit were smaller than in the central compartment and maternal plasma. However, the absolute transfer ratios (calculated using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the model) and the relative exposure ratios (as the ratio of the area under the unbound concentration-time curve in tissue to that in maternal plasma) suggested that fetuses were exposed to a potentially efficacious level of the drug. The model formulated to describe the tissue distribution of thiopental may offer a useful approach for analysis of the kinetic profile of other compounds administered during pregnancy or at delivery in rats and other species.

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Analgesia in labour

Cited by 2 publications

References 142 publications

Elimination kinetics of thiopentone in mothers and their newborn infants

Elimination kinetics of thiopentone in mothers and their newborn infants

Placental transfer and tissue distribution of thiopental in the pregnant rat

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