Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sophocarpine from Sophora viciifolia Hance

Abstract

Sophora viciifolia Hance is an edible plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Sophocarpine, a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid, is one of the most abundant active ingredients in Sophora viciifolia Hance. Here, we study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the acute toxicity of sophocarpine from Sophora viciifolia Hance in mice. Sophocarpine (20, 40, and 80 mg/kgbw) significantly prolonged the delay period before a hot plate reaction occurred (all P < 0.05 ), and the delay before a tail-flick response was induced by a warm bath ( P < 0.05 ; P < 0.01 ). Sophocarpine (40, 80 mg/kg) resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice ( P < 0.05 ; P < 0.001 , respectively). Sophocarpine (80 mg/kg) reduced the total duration of a formalin-induced pain response ( P < 0.05 ). Sophocarpine prolonged the foot-licking latency of mice after the hot plate reaction, and this effect was antagonized by calcium chloride and enhanced by verapamil. Sophocarpine (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited xylene-induced ear edema ( P < 0.01 ; P < 0.001 ; P < 0.001 , respectively) and the penetration of acetic acid-induced dye into the peritoneal cavity ( P < 0.01 ; P < 0.01 ; P < 0.001 , respectively). It also reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 , P < 0.001 ) and those of serum nitric oxide ( P < 0.05 ). The results of this study suggest that sophocarpine possesses certain analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be related to calcium and inhibition of the secretion of inflammatory factors.

Sophocarpine Alleviates Isoproterenol-Induced Kidney Injury by Suppressing Inflammation, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis

“…Due to the fact that few of the permitted kidney-injury-specific therapeutic approaches are available at present, it is urgent for us to identify and develop novel and effective therapeutic approaches for kidney injury. Sophocarpine (SOP) is a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens, and shows a variety of biological characteristics such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-nociceptive, neuroprotective and immune regulatory properties [5][6][7][8][9]. It has been reported that sophocarpine could attenuate liver injury by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis [10].…”

“…into the mice belonging to this group once per day over two weeks, followed by intraperitoneal stimulation of ISO (10 mg/kg) for another two weeks. The dosage and procedure of the reagent administration were carried out according to previous research [6,30]. Approval for the treatment protocols was obtained from the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (China).…”

“…Sophocarpine, extracted from Sophora flavescens, is a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid that exhibits various beneficial biological properties [5]. Research has found that sophocarpine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-nociceptive, neuroprotective and immune regulatory properties [6][7][8][9]. It has also been reported that sophocarpine could attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury primarily by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis [10].…”

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“…For 20 mints, acid-induced writhes were counted. For counting purpose, a writhe was described by at least one hind limb stretching or simultaneous stretching of the abdomen (Wang et al, 2021).…”

Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of Nigella orientalis L. seeds fixed oil: Pharmacological potentials and molecular mechanisms

“…Pain is usually associated with inflammation. In pain associated with inflammatory conditions (like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease), various inflammatory mediators like interleukin 6 (IL‐6), nitric oxide (NO), bradykinins, and prostaglandins (PGs) among others are released and stimulate nociceptors leading to hyperalgesia (Wang et al, 2021).…”