Analgesic and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of 80% Methanol Extract of Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson Leaves in Rodent Models

Abstract

Background Pain and inflammation are the major health problems commonly treated with traditional remedies mainly using medicinal plants. Leonotis ocymifolia is one of such medicinal plants used in folkloric medicine of Ethiopia. However, the plant has not been scientifically evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the 80% methanol leaves extract of Leonotis ocymifolia using rodent models. Method The central and peripheral analgesic effect of the extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose levels was evaluated using hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing rodent models, whereas carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma methods were used to screen anti-inflammatory effect of the extract at the same dose levels. Acute toxicity test was also done. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The extract did not produce mortality up to 2000 mg/kg. All tested doses of the extract showed significant analgesic effect with maximum latency response of 62.8% and inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing. Maximum anti-inflammatory effect was recorded at 6 h after induction, with 75.88% reduction in carrageenan induced paw edema. Moreover, all tested doses of extract significantly inhibited the formation of inflammatory exudates and granuloma formation (p < 0.001). Conclusion The study indicated that the extract was safe in mice and it has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in rodent models.

Evaluation of the Antimalarial Activity of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaf of Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm. f.) Iwarsson (Lamiaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

“…Plants known to have antimalarial effect have been explored, and many secondary metabolites have been identified [ 39 , 40 ]. In a previous study, the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant was screened for its phytochemical content and shown to have terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenol compounds [ 41 ]. Several studies have indicated that these metabolites have antiplasmodial activities.…”

Acute Oral Toxicity and Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.)

“…Chronic inflammation is among the major contributors of pathologic conditions burdening both the developed and the developing nations, especially in the African continent [3]. For instance, chronic inflammation is associated with the emergency and persistence of obesity-associated diabetes mellitus after insulin resistance, among a continuum of other complex human diseases [3][4][5].…”

Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Characterization of Leaves and Bark of Mimusops coriacea (A.DC) Miq from Ecuador

“…For example, flavonoids, including myricetin and its glycosides, have been shown to possess antioxidant 43 and anti-inflammatory properties due to their ability to inhibit enzymes involved in inflammation, especially the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid and synthesis of prostaglandins. 44,45 Triterpenic saponins also exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 46,47 A greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were observed for the leaf extract, which presented the highest concentration of phenols and flavonoids.…”