Analgesic and behavioral effects of a 100 μT specific pulsed extremely low frequency magnetic field on control and morphine treated CF-1 mice

Shupak, Naomi M; Hensel, Jennifer; Cross-Mellor, Shelly K.; Kavaliers, Martin; Prato, Frank S.; Thomas, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.063

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thomas et al [1997] found that a specific, pulsed, extremely low frequency magnetic field with a peak field of 100 mT induced antinociception in the land snail and that this was partly due to m and d opioid receptor stimulation. Similar pulsed field exposures have been investigated by this group and have been similarly found to induce opioidrelated analgesic effects in snails ], mice [Shupak et al, 2004a], and humans [Shupak et al, 2004b[Shupak et al, , 2006. Shielding the ambient magnetic field with a Mu metal box was also found to induce opioid-related analgesia in mice, although this effect took several days of 1 h exposures to manifest itself [Prato et al, 2005].…”

Section: Mechanisms: Opioidssupporting

confidence: 57%

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair

Robertson

Thomas

Bureau

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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Ischemia-reperfusion injuries, such as those suffered from various types of cardiovascular disease, are major causes of death and disability. For relatively short periods of ischemia, much of the damage is potentially reversible and in fact, does not occur until the influx of oxygen during the reperfusion stage. Because of this, there is a window of opportunity to protect the ischemic tissue. Here, we review several mechanisms of protection, such as heat shock proteins, opioids, collateral blood flow, and nitric oxide induction, and the evidence indicating that magnetic fields may be used as a means of providing protection via each of these mechanisms. While there are few studies demonstrating direct protection with magnetic field therapies, there are a number of published reports indicating that electromagnetic fields may be able to influence some of the biochemical systems with protective applications.

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Section: Mechanisms: Opioidssupporting

confidence: 57%

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair

Robertson

Thomas

Bureau

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…As we have shown that exogenous magnetic fields can induce analgesia in mice (Shupak et al 2004) and potentially in humans (Thomas et al 2007), it has not escaped us that an understanding of the role of light in modulating induced analgesia may be important for the effects of magnetic fields, shielded and exogenous, on opioid-like behaviours in humans. It may be that results reported in the substantial animal orientation literature may guide our understanding of the effects in mammals including humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light alters nociceptive effects of magnetic field shielding in mice: intensity and wavelength considerations

Prato

Desjardins-Holmes

Keenliside

et al. 2008

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Previous experiments with mice have shown that repeated 1 hour daily exposure to an ambient magnetic field-shielded environment induces analgesia (antinociception). The exposures were carried out in the dark (less than 2.0!10 16 photons s K1 m K2 ) during the midlight phase of the diurnal cycle. However, if the mice were exposed in the presence of visible light (2.0!10 18 photons s K1 m K2 , 400-750 nm), then the analgesic effects of shielding were eliminated. Here, we show that this effect of light is intensity and wavelength dependent. Introduction of red light (peak at 635 nm) had little or no effect, presumably because mice do not have photoreceptors sensitive to red light above 600 nm in their eyes. By contrast, introduction of ultraviolet light (peak at 405 nm) abolished the effect, presumably because mice do have ultraviolet A receptors. Blue light exposures (peak at 465 nm) of different intensities demonstrate that the effect has an intensity threshold of approximately 12% of the blue light in the housing facility, corresponding to 5!10 16 photons s K1 m K2 (integral). This intensity is similar to that associated with photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds and in mice stimulates photopic/cone vision. Could the detection mechanism that senses ambient magnetic fields in mice be similar to that in bird navigation?

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“…They found that the peak blood velocity significantly increased at a field intensity above 1 mT. Shupak et al [2004] used a low frequency magnetic field to induce analgesia in mice. Their experimental results suggested that pulsed magnetic fields could induce analgesic behavior in mice without the side effects often associated with opiates like morphine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of static magnetic field parameters improves analgesic effect in mice

László

Reiczigel

Székely

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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The present study deals with the analgesic effect induced by static magnetic fields (SMF) in mice exposed to the field with their whole body. It discusses how the effect depends on the distribution of the magnetic field, that is, on the specification and arrangement of the applied individual permanent magnets. A critical analysis of different magnet arrangements is given. As a result the authors propose a magnet arrangement recipe that achieves an analgesic effect of over 80% in the writhing test. This is a widely accepted screening method for animal pain and predictor of human experimental results. As a non-drug, non-invasive, non-contact, non-pain, non-addictive method for analgesia with immediate and long-lasting effect based on the stimulus of the endogenous opioid network, the SMF treatment may attract the attention of medical doctors, nurses, magnet therapists, veterinarians, physiotherapists, masseurs, and fitness trainers among others.

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Analgesic and behavioral effects of a 100 μT specific pulsed extremely low frequency magnetic field on control and morphine treated CF-1 mice

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair

Light alters nociceptive effects of magnetic field shielding in mice: intensity and wavelength considerations

Optimization of static magnetic field parameters improves analgesic effect in mice

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