Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Biofilm-Forming Activity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Peel Extract

Abstract

The utilization of natural resources, one of which is plants, has been researched as an alternative to synthetic drugs because of their natural content. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peels, the parts of potatoes that are often cut off and discarded, have been reported to have some phenolic compounds and flavonoids in their composition. The extract of potato peels was investigated for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm-forming properties. A hot plate test was conducted to assess the analgesic activity in treatment doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg with paracetamol as the reference drug and distilled water as the negative control, while carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity in treatment doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg with diclofenac as the reference drug and distilled water as the negative control. Anti-biofilm-forming activity was tested by using the crystal violet assay. The results showed that, compared with the negative control, treatment doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) reduced pain stimuli, whereas a treatment dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the edema volume increment. However, compared with the positive control, paracetamol and diclofenac were associated with the least pain stimulus and the least edema volume increment, respectively. Potato peel extract against S. mutans biofilm formation demonstrated effectiveness (p < 0.05). Based on these data, it can be concluded that potato peel extract has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm-forming activities, as demonstrated in this study.

Pharmacological Activity of Chemical Compounds of Potato Peel Waste (Solanum tuberosum L.) in vitro: A Scoping Review

“…Doses for RSA 40 µL and 0.1 µL for FRAP 3 Wahyudi et al, 2020. 18 Indonesia Analgesic, anti- inflammatory, and anti-biofilm-forming activity in potato peel extract Solanum tuberosum Potato peel ethanol extract Phenol and flavonoid compounds Yes (anti-inflammatory activity) No (anti-biofilm activity) Analgesic activity with Wistar rats by placing at hotplate 60°C, anti- inflammatory activity with Wistar rats induced by 1% carrageenan, anti-biofilm activity with streptococcus ATCC 25175. Significant as anti- inflammatory, anti-biofilm, and analgesic Analgesic uses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg.…”

“… 16 Flavonoids, as reported in the research, exhibit antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, analgesic , and antiviral properties. 12 , 18 Flavonoids act as antioxidants by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) . Free radicals suppress the level of antioxidants, which leads to oxidative instability, known as oxidative stress.…”

“…In other studies, anthocyanins have been found to contribute to the inhibition of collagen aging by preventing cell damage, promoting vascularization, initiating DNA synthesis, and playing a role in fibronectin and fibroblast synthesis, suggesting their potential in the wound healing process. 7 , 18 , 21 The anti-inflammatory mechanism of flavonoids involves the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, as well as the inhibition of histamine and leukocyte accumulation, which are crucial in overcoming inflammation and allergic symptoms. Flavonoids can also suppress the secretion of arachidonic acid and lysosomal enzymes.…”

“…14 Potato peel chemical compounds also have anti-inflammatory properties. 8,[18][19][20] Anti-inflammatory activity is the second most prominent after antioxidants. Several researchers have conducted studies simultaneously on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, carried out by Wahyudi (2020) and Sampaio (2021).…”

Wound Healing Activity of an Ointment from Solanum tuberosum L. "Tumbay Yellow Potato" on Mus musculus Balb/c

“…15 S. tuberosum is an important source of phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid and gallic acid, besides, it has flavonoids principally in its peel, these phytoconstituents exert antioxidant, analgesic, antiinflammatory activities. [16][17][18][19][20] S. tuberosum "potato" is used in the elaboration of food products, medicines, and packaging. Likewise, it has recently been found that pigmented potatoes that contain high concentrations of anthocyanins and carotenoids could have potential medicinal utility.…”