Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on chronic neuropathic pain mediated by P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Tu, Wenzhan; Cheng, Ruidong; Cheng, Bo; Lu, Jian; Cao, Fen; Lin, Haiyan; Jiang, Yuchen; Wang, Jie-zhi; Chen, Hao; Jiang, Songhe

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.01.006

Cited by 61 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Following a chronic constriction injury to rat hind legs, the number of P2X3 receptors in the L4-L5 DRG increased, corresponding with mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. After 7 days of ipsilateral or contralateral EDN to GB34 and ST-36 X30 minutes, however, there was a significant reduction in P2X3 expression [119], attenuation of ATP stimuli [119] and an improvement in thermal and mechanical pain thresholds [120].…”

Section: The Physiology and Relevance Of Electrical Dry Needlingmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A number of studies have also demonstrated a direct effect of electrical dry needling (EDN) on P2X2 and P2X3 purinergic receptors [119,120]. Despite their role in peripheral hyperalgesia following inflammation and neuropathic pain, the literature has only reported on the use of EDN to affect P2X2 and P2X3 receptors exclusively in neuropathic pain models [119,120].…”

Section: The Physiology and Relevance Of Electrical Dry Needlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their role in peripheral hyperalgesia following inflammation and neuropathic pain, the literature has only reported on the use of EDN to affect P2X2 and P2X3 receptors exclusively in neuropathic pain models [119,120]. Following a chronic constriction injury to rat hind legs, the number of P2X3 receptors in the L4-L5 DRG increased, corresponding with mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia.…”

Section: The Physiology and Relevance Of Electrical Dry Needlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms of Pain and Dry Needling Mediated Analgesia: A Clinical Resource Guide for Health Care Professionals

Butts¹,

Dunning²

2016

Int J Phys Med Rehabil

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There are a number of biochemical, biomechanical, endocrinological and neurovascular mechanisms underpinning the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of dry needling (DN). While myofascial trigger points likely play a role in peripheral pain, a diagnostic tool for localizing them has not been validated, and DN studies that have targeted trigger points to elicit localized twitch responses have reported mixed results. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for DN-mediated analgesia may be more complicated. DN activates opioid-based pain reduction, mediated by endogenous cannabinoids and the sympathetic nervous system, and non-opioid pain relief via serotonin and norepinephrine from the brain stem. DN also triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis centrally and the corticotropin releasing hormone-proopiomelanocortin-corticosteroid axis locally to inhibit cox-2, reducing inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies demonstrate that DN combined with mechanical and/or electrical stimulation may reverse PKC-mediated peripheral hyperalgesic priming by normalizing nociceptive channels, to include TRPV, ASIC, TTX and P2X/Y. Electrical DN (EDN) stimulates immune cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes to release CGRP and substance-P, altering the stimulation of TTX receptors to reverse hyperalgesia. It also encourages the supraoptic nucleus to release oxytocin to quiet ASIC receptors peripherally and stimulate opioid interneurons spinally. Moreover, EDN inhibits ERK1/2 kinase pathways of inflammation in the spinal cord and stimulates Aδ fibers and N/OFQ to reverse C-fiber mediated central changes. Mechanotransduction of fibroblasts and peripheral nerves via TRPV1 and P2X/Y-mediated intracellular Ca 2+ wave propagation and subsequent activation of the nucleus accumbens inhibits spinal pain transmission via glycinergic and opioidergic interneurons. The increased ATP is metabolized to adenosine, which activates P1 purinergic receptors, events considered key to DN analgesia and rho kinase-based tissue remodeling. Mechanotransduction-mediated release of histamine further explains analgesia secondary to needling points distal to pain. DN-mediated analgesia is dependent on a number of synergistic physiologic events involving biochemical and mechanical processes in neural, connective and muscle tissue.

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Section: The Physiology and Relevance Of Electrical Dry Needlingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: The Physiology and Relevance Of Electrical Dry Needlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Physiology and Relevance Of Electrical Dry Needlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms of Pain and Dry Needling Mediated Analgesia: A Clinical Resource Guide for Health Care Professionals

Butts¹,

Dunning²

2016

Int J Phys Med Rehabil

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show abstract

“…It is released upon cell stress, stimulation, or damage, thus activating P2XRs present in sensory afferent endings to produce pain (15). Purinergic P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3 receptors (P2X3Rs) and P2X2Rs/P2X3Rs are preferentially expressed in DRG neurons and are upregulated under neuropathic (16)(17)(18), inflammatory (19), and visceral pain hypersensitivity conditions (20). However, the underlying mechanism by which p2xr gene expression is upregulated remains unknown under diabetic conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoted Interaction of Nuclear Factor-κB With Demethylated Purinergic P2X3 Receptor Gene Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Rats With Diabetes

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Diabetes

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Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes produced by mechanisms that as yet are incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) in the regulation of purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3 (P2X3R) plasticity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with painful diabetes. Here, we showed that hindpaw pain hypersensitivity in streptozocininduced diabetic rats was attenuated by treatment with purinergic receptor antagonist suramin or A-317491. The expression and function of P2X3Rs was markedly enhanced in hindpaw-innervated DRG neurons in diabetic rats. The CpG (cytosine guanine dinucleotide) island in the p2x3r gene promoter region was significantly demethylated, and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b was remarkably downregulated in DRGs in diabetic rats. The binding ability of p65 (an active form of NF-kB) with the p2x3r gene promoter region and p65 expression were enhanced significantly in diabetes. The inhibition of p65 signaling using the NF-kB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or recombinant lentiviral vectors designated as lentiviral vector-p65 small interfering RNA remarkably suppressed P2X3R activities and attenuated diabetic pain hypersensitivity. Insulin treatment significantly attenuated pain hypersensitivity and suppressed the expression of p65 and P2X3Rs. Our findings suggest that the p2x3r gene promoter DNA demethylation and enhanced interaction with p65 contributes to P2X3R sensitization and diabetic pain hypersensitivity.

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“…The DRGs were cut into pieces and digested with 1.0 ml 0.1% collagenase for 50 minutes at 37 °C, and then with 1.0 ml 0.3% trypsin for 10 minutes (Sigma Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) [12]. After the digesting, the DRG fragments were rinsed three times with ACSF to stop enzymatic digestion, and then subsequently dispersed into cell suspension, 3-5 drops of which were dropped on coverslip standing for 20 minutes to adherence.…”

Section: Page 5 Of 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of curcumin on TTX-R sodium currents of dorsal root ganglion neurons in type 2 diabetic rats with diabetic neuropathic pain

Meng

Shen

Shi

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on chronic neuropathic pain mediated by P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms of Pain and Dry Needling Mediated Analgesia: A Clinical Resource Guide for Health Care Professionals

Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms of Pain and Dry Needling Mediated Analgesia: A Clinical Resource Guide for Health Care Professionals

Promoted Interaction of Nuclear Factor-κB With Demethylated Purinergic P2X3 Receptor Gene Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Rats With Diabetes

Effects of curcumin on TTX-R sodium currents of dorsal root ganglion neurons in type 2 diabetic rats with diabetic neuropathic pain

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