“… B | All | Gerik 2005 [ 13 ] (5a), Palermo 2005 [ 17 ] (5a) | | For acute pain management, offer the patient distraction, hypnosis, visualization, relaxation or other forms of CBT | B | All | Green 2005 [ 14 ] (5a), Uman 2006 [ 21 ] |
| Consider habit reversal training, and other psychological techniques for management of pruritus | C | All | Chida 2007 [ 29 ] (1a), Ehlers 1995 [ 32 ] (2b), Azrin 1973 [ 30 ] (4b), Hagermark 1995 [ 28 ] (5a), Rosenbaum 1981 [ 31 ] (5a) |
B. Postoperative pain can be handled as for other patients in the same setting, with modifications. |
| Basic perioperative assessment and pain treatments should be used as for non-EB patients, with modification | A | All | Goldschneider 2010 [ 41 ] (5a), Goldschneider 2010b [ 42 ] (5a) |
| Transmucosal (including intranasal fentanyl and transbuccal opioids) should be considered for short procedures and pain of brief duration when intravenous and enteral routes are unavailable | B | All | Manjushree et al ., 2002 [ 45 ] (2b); Borland et al ., 2007 [ 46 ] (2b); Desjardins et al ., 2000 [ 47 ] (2a) |
| Perioperative opioid use must account for preoperative exposure, with appropriate dose increases to account for tolerance | B | All | Hartrick 2008 [ 56 ] (1a), Mhuircheartaigh 2009 [ 55 ] (1a), Viscusi 2005 [ 54 ] (2a) |
| Regional anesthesia is appropriate for pain resulting from a number of major surgeries. Dressing of catheters must be non-adhesive and monitored carefully | C | All | Diwan 2001 [ 51 ] (5a), Doi 2006 [ 53 ] (5b), Englbrecht 2010 [ 52 ] (5a), Kelly 1988 [ 48 ] (5b), Sopchak 1993 [ 49 ] (5a), Yee 1989 [ |
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