“…The diagnosis of OUD is based on the guidelines presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) [ 5 , 6 ], in which it has been reported that OUD is defined as a “problematic pattern of opioid use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress” [ 2 ]. Opioid medications are employed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic cancer and non-cancer pain [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], although some opioids can be used for treating diarrhea [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] and cough [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, opioids can be used by patients suffering from chronic backaches [ 18 , 19 ] and headaches [ 20 , 21 ], by people recovering from surgery [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], and by both adults and children who have suffered serious injuries in falls, while playing sports, or in auto accidents, etc.…”