Análise da concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento público de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

Moreira MR. Analysis of fluoride concentration in public supply water of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. [masters thesis]. São Paulo: Faculty of Public Health of USP; 2018. Introduction-Fluoridation of public water supply has a proven role in reducing prevalence rates of dental caries, and has been considered one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century. To guarantee the preventive effectiveness of fluoridation, avoiding fluorosis, it is indispensable the operational control in the water treatment, carried out by those responsible for the process of water fluoridation and its monitoring, which in terms of Sanitary Surveillance, is known as heterocontrol. Objectives-To analyze the fluoride concentration in the public water supply of Uberlândia-MG from November 2015 to April 2016 and compare the values found with the operational control data (DMAE) and a reference laboratory (UNICAMP) to formulate a theoretical reference for the city. Material and Method-126 samples were collected in the evaluated months, being 18 monthly, 9 for each ETA. The samples were analyzed by the electrometric technique, initially at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and then sent to the reference laboratory (UNICAMP) for analysis. Through the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) test the data were compared to each other and to the operational control data. Results-. The data obtained in the three analyzes for fluoride (UFU, UNICAMP and DMAE) were compared in the same period and at the same water treatment stations. A statistical difference between the laboratories (p <0.001) was observed between the evaluated moments (p <0.001) and interaction (p <0.001). Only for the month of November / 2015 that the laboratories did not present different averages. The average value of fluoride in water is lower when evaluated by the UFU laboratory, only in the month of April / 2016 the average was below the minimum limit. Although differences were found between laboratories, the mean observed agreed with the recommended one. Conclusion-The results of this study allowed us to conclude that fluoride is present in the water supply in Uberlândia, showing monthly variations between collection points and at the same point throughout the analyzed period, but with levels within the standards recommended by CECOL / Ministry of Health regarding the concentration of fluorides and the population has been safely assisted.

Estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica com ênfase em Cyanobacteria no reservatório de Tapacurá-PE

“…Dentre os organismos fitoplanctônicos, as Cyanobacteria apresentam estratégias de crescimento que sob condições ambientais favoráveis, como temperatura em torno de 25 °C, valores de pH entre 6 a 9, concentração elevada de nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) e estabilidade da coluna d'água, podem promover as chamadas fl orações 2 , capazes de liberar para o meio metabólitos secundários tóxicos conhecidos como cianotoxinas 3,4 .…”