The attainment of hydraulic parameters derive primarily from the interpretation of aquifer tests, practice that usually involves a fairly complex logistics in terms of equipment and staff required. Thus, the digital processing and analysis of two-dimensional micrographs of aquifer rocks samples is presented as an alternative tool for the characterization of hydraulic parameters, and constitutes a promising procedure accordingly. The methodology is based on a flowchart involving (1) sampling and preparation of thin sections and their respective images, (2) segmentation and geometric characterization, (3) three-dimensional reconstruction and flow simulation. Taking as a target for the present study The Barreiras Aquifer System, in the eastern coast of Rio Grande of Norte state (northeastern Brazil).The computational image analysis of thin sections of its rocks showed reservoir storage coefficients, associated in this context with effective porosities (free hydraulic character), ranging from 0.035 to 0.12, with averages of 0.076; its hydrogeological carbonate substrate showed effective porosities on the order of 2 %. Relative to the transport of fluids, it was found that the method presented results smaller than those found in bibliographic data (related to hydraulic conductivity), probably due to the size of the scale under study and the heterogeneity of the investigated medium.