The quality of surface water is a subject of interest to the scientific community, the management bodies and all civil society, mainly due to the speed of degradation of water bodies. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze some of the main water quality parameters in the Goiana river basin. The parameters analyzed (pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, ammonia, total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms and electrical conductivity) correspond to sampling points in seven locations within the Goiana river watershed, distributed over six distinct periods, considering the rainy season and the dry season. The data were submitted to variance evaluation and Fisher's test, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05, as well as cluster analysis. Considering the effects of seasonality, the statistical tests performed allowed us to conclude that in the rainy season, the parameters pH (p = 0.0097) and dissolved oxygen (p = 0.0352) presented means with statistically different values, whereas in the dry season, this occurred with turbidity (p = 0.0058). Thus, it can be seen that there may be differences in water quality at certain points, between the seasons of the year, as a result of the behavior of the local rainfall. In relation to the groupings established, there were some differences, considering the seasonality, obtaining 2 or 3 groupings for the points under study, showing different levels of pollution, especially near urban areas. Therefore, the results obtained are essential to assist in the development of public policies for the mitigation of environmental impacts.