Análise socioeconômica e esforço de pesca na captura do caranguejo-uçá – Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Ucididae) – na Reserva Extrativista Maracanã – costa amazônica do Brasil

Abstract

Resumo Este artigo avalia social e economicamente a captura de caranguejo-uçá em Maracanã-PA. As informações foram adquiridas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, conversas informais e acompanhamento da pescaria do caranguejo. Dos dados coletados foi feita uma análise estatística descritiva, utilizando a média como medida da tendência central e o coeficiente de variação foi empregado como medida de heterogeneidade dentro de cada variável amostrada. A renda total anual e o esforço de pesca dos caranguejeiros profissionais foram calculados. Cerca de 20% dos 5.000 usuários da Reserva Extrativista Maracanã trabalha com a captura do caranguejo. A CPUE variou de 20 a 400 caranguejos por homem-dia, com média de 92,2 (±39,2). Todos os pescadores entrevistados utilizam como técnica de pesca o método tradicional do braço (“braceamento”) combinado com o uso do gancho, empregado como instrumento prolongador do braço na captura. O esforço de pesca aumentou continuamente no período de 1995 a 2007, correspondendo a 68,93%, passando de 42.172 para 71.240 homens-dia.

Monitoring mangrove crab Ucides cordatus Linnaeus, 1763 (Crustacea: Ucididae) landing in the Parnaíba River Delta: fishing characteristics, social and economic aspects

“…1). This variation was also observed in the state of Pará and the differences were attributed to the different environmental characteristics of the mangrove areas explored (Freitas et al, 2015).…”

“…1) is the same, the time is similar to other regions of Brazil, and the gatherers of the Parnaíba Delta have a higher harvesting frequency (five days per week) when compared to other extractive communities. In the community of Gargaú, Rio de Janeiro, the gatherers also spend six hours in the mangrove, but engage only three times a week (Santos et al, 2014), while the gatherers from the Maracanã Extractive Reserve in Pará engage four days week (Freitas et al, 2015).…”

“…Regarding the harvesting, statistics show that the CPUE of professional collectors increased around 68% from 1995 to 2007, in Pará, and since 2005, there is homogeneity among the values (Freitas et al, 2015). In the Delta of Parnaíba, studies conducted from 1999 to 2002 recorded a CPUE ranging from 14.6 to 22.6 ropes/gatherer/day, according to the months of capture (Legat et al, 2005), an increase of 75.84%, considering the lowest average in relation to the CPUE determined in 2014/2015 (19.25ropes/gatherer/day).…”

“…The values attributed to mangrove crab also depend on the region of exploitation. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, in 2013, each specimen was traded at USD $ 0.15 (Santos et al, 2014), while in state of Pará in 2008 the unit was traded at USD $ 0.09 (Freitas et al, 2015), prices 20.0% to 52.4%, respectively, lower than those applied in the Parnaíba River Delta. In this sense, the estimated gross income for the Delta gatherers, calculated based on the sales values of the crab and the local CPUE, is about 20% higher when compared to other locations, whose relatively low values are USD $ 242.91/month, as observed in Pará in 2009 (Cordovil et al, 2014).…”

LOCAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE (LEK) ON THE MANGROVE CRAB Ucides cordatus (LINNAEUS, 1763): FISHERY PROFILE OF MANGROVE AREAS IN ITANHAÉM (SOUTHEAST BRAZIL)

“…According to this author, such premises are essential since many of the developed surveys occur in areas influenced by drug trafficking (MACHADO et al, 2018), thus requiring the proper receptivity on the part of the crab catchers in order for them to feel valued and, therefore, provide information in a serious and cordial manner. Crab catchers comprise a socioeconomically marginalized population with low levels of education (ALVES and NISHIDA, 2004;NORDI et al, 2009), a fact that hampered the study's execution, especially in the case of female interviewers when obtaining data from crab catchers, who, in Brazil, are generally of the male sex (RODRIGUES et al, 2000;ALVES et al, 2005;FREITAS et al, 2015).…”