ANALISIS DAMPAK MINAPOLITAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN MUNCAR KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI (Studi Kasus: Desa Tembokrejo dan Kedungrejo)

Abstract

Kecamatan Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi ditetapkan sebagai kawasan Minapolitan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat baik di dalam kawasan maupun daerah sekitarnya. Masyarakat Desa Kedungrejo dan Tembokrejo mayoritas bekerja pada sektor perikanan, sehingga diasumsikan memiliki dampak langsung dari kebijakan minapolitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat Kecamatan Muncar sebelum dan sesudah adanya program minapolitan serta mengetahui tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat berdasarkan kondisi sosial ekonomi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada 23 hingga 27 September 2018 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dari hasil wawancara terhadap beberapa pelaku industri, perangkat desa, kepala TPI, dan beberapa nelayan. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan perindustrian dan sarana prasarana yang menunjang kegiatan perikanan sudah ada sejak tahun 1990-an. Aspek sumberdaya manusia dari segi pendidikan tidak mempengaruhi perkembangan tingkat produksi ikan, sehingga dengan ditetapkannya Kecamatan Muncar sebagai kawasan minapolitan tidak memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan baik kepada kondisi sosial-ekonomi maupun kesejahteraan masyarakat. Rekomendasi yang perlu diterapkan untuk pengembangan program minapolitan di Kecamatan Muncar dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan sumberdaya manusia seperti penetapan sekolah yang berisi pembelajaran mengenai perikanan dan kelautan, serta peningkatan infrastruktur pendukung. Kedua aspek tersebut perlu ditunjang oleh aspek komitmen daerah sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor: PER.12/MEN/2010 tentang MinapolitanTitle: Analysis of Minapolitan Impact on the Community Welfare in Muncar Subdistrict Banyuwangi Regency (Case Study: Tembokrejo and Kedungrejo Villages)Muncar Subdistrict was designated as a Minapolitan area to improve the welfare of the community both within and surrounding areas. It is assumed that Minapolitan policy gives a direct impact on the major livelihood of Kedungrejo and Tambakrejo people in fisheries sector. This study aims to measure the social and economic changes of Muncar community before and after the Minapolitan program as well as to measure the level of the community welfare based on these socio-economic conditions. The study was conducted on 23 to 27 September 2018 based on interviews with industry players, village officials, heads of fish markets and fishers. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that fisheries industry and its facilities have been existed since 1990s. The education level of its community does not affect the fish production. It means that Minapolitan program has not given significant impact to the socio-economic condition and community welfare. It is recommended to improve the capacity of community through learning material at school concerning fisheries management and marine affairs as well as to increase the supporting infrastructure. These two aspects should be encouraged by regional commitment based on Regulation of Minister of Marine Affairs and No: PER.12/MEN/2010 regarding Minapolitan.

The Relationship Between Socio-Cultural Aspects and the Physical Setting of Muncar Coastal Settlement

“…Minneapolitan is a conception of regionalbased marine and fisheries economic development that carries the principles of integration, efficiency, quality, and acceleration, which in its application upholds three principles, namely: (1) democratization of pro-people marine and fisheries economy, (2) Community empowerment, (3) regional strengthening with the principle of "strong regions -strong nation and state" [2]. The purpose of the Minneapolitan concept itself is to increase production, productivity, and quality for the welfare of the people and economic development [3]. The development of the Minneapolitan area itself cannot be separated from the physical development aspects of the region, which include facilities and infrastructure, accessibility, and so on.…”