“…During the Late Holocene (~3,500–500 BP), the population density and complexity of Pampas groups increased, as inferred from the introduction and development of new technologies (Politis, 2008; Politis & Madrid, 2001). The archeological record shows the presence of lithic raw materials originating in Tandilia, an area within the Southern Pampas (see Figure 1), in several archeological sites from the surrounding regions of North Patagonia (Martínez, 2008), the Dry Pampas (Berón, 2007), and the northern portion of the Humid Pampas (Acosta, Escudero, Terzaghi, Loponte, & Jimeno, 2010; Gonzalez, Frère, & Fiore, 2007; Heider, 2016), suggesting continual interactions among neighboring populations. In particular, Southern Pampas and North Patagonian populations shared common cultural practices such as secondary burials (Mazzia et al, 2004; Martínez, Flensborg, Bayala, & López, 2007), morphological patterns of cranial deformation (Serna et al, 2019), etching patterns on ceramic plates (Crivelli Montero, Eugenio, Pardiñas, & Silveira, 1997; Oliva & Algrain, 2004), and rock art designs (Madrid, Politis, & Poiré, 2000; Mazzanti, 2006).…”