Análisis del riesgo y vulnerabilidad contra incendios forestales en áreas de interfaz, provincia de Valparaíso

Abstract

Se estudia la relación espacio temporal existente entre la ocupación del suelo para fines habitacionales en áreas de interfaz urbano rural en el colinaje costero del Gran Valparaíso, y la ocurrencia de incendios forestales acaecidos en los últimos 23 años en estas áreas. A base del estudio de la vegetación combustible, el deterioro del paisaje vegetal afectado por recurrentes fuegos, y los antecedentes históricos acerca de la causa de los incendios, superficie y localización de ellos, fue posible establecer áreas sensibles de riesgos, junto con la caracterización de la conflictividad de ellos especialmente en territorios urbanos afectados por la propagación descontrolada del fuego.Se espera que estos resultados permitan apoyar los actuales programas y planes de ordenación municipal del territorio, que deben contemplar entre sus actividades, los mecanismos por los cuales se debe programar y coordinar la expansión de terrenos para habitación, cautelando el control del factor de riesgo que representa la iniciación y propagación de incendios forestales, y la promoción a la recuperación de espacios naturales afectados por incendios forestales.

Human Rights-Based Approach to Disaster Management: Valparaiso, Chile

“…Earthquake and tsunamis are not the only threats to Chile, and in fact, our research showed that there are more fires occurring on a regular basis than earthquakes and tsunamis and the lack of preparedness plan hinders the response and recovery efforts and places all, including those reaching out to assist, in danger. In fact, a 23-year risk analysis study by faculty at the University of Chile noted that there were over 1000 fires per year and, while not all of those fires evolved into the type of fire that this study examined, they all had the potential as the conditions, terrain, and fuel load were present (Castillo, et al, 2012).…”

“…In 2003, Valparaiso was named a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2003) World Heritage Site because of its significance as a port. Also in 2003, the community of the Upper Hills, East and North of Valparaiso, and separated from the city by one-lane winding and twisting roads, was named a World Heritage Site (Castillo, Quintanilla, & Guillermo, 2012). This description occurred due to the historic nature and uniqueness of the Upper Hills community.…”

“…The homeowners are collectively known as Bsquatters^because they have no title to their land, and vacant lots for claimed as individuals migrate to the neighborhood (Castillo, et al, 2012). The local governments recognize the residents' need to squat on the land, and have adopted a policy of benign neglect towards the neighborhoods (Reska & Fuentes, 2015).…”

An Analysis of Wildfire Risk and Historical Occurrence for a Mediterranean Biosphere Reserve, Central Chile

“…As a transport variable, the road network was used because these have been identifi ed as the main source of ignition due to the high traffi c of people (Castillo et al, 2009). Another source of ignition are populated areas (Chuvieco & Kasischke, 2007), for which a buff er distance and the type of populated area were chosen.…”