Analisis Keberadaan Spesies Mamalia di Lima Babak Cerita Relief Lalitavistara Candi Borobudur

Abstract

This study analyzed the existence of mammal species in the life story of the Buddha carved in 120 panels of Lalitavistara relief in Borobudur Temple. The story of Buddha's life begins in Tusita and ended by first teaching to establish his teaching career. The story is divided into 5 main section and the presence of mammals in each section implies important meanings based on the context of each story section. The story of Lalitavistara in Borobudur temple is a representating the origin of Gautama Buddha from India; but in expressing the culture, animals were used in the panel layout which were mainly mammals species that live on the island of Jawa. The presence of mammal species implies four roles: as a marker of location, as a marker of time, as a means of transportation, and as an ornamental variety. The Conception and Pregnancy (MPK) section of the defining species is the Javan Elephant which implies "greatness" values. The Birth and Youth (MKM) stage is dominated by Domestic Horse which imply the values of "strength", "agility" and "intelligence". The Sign and Renunciation (MLD), section of the key species is the Wild Boar, which implies the values of "greedy", and "righteousness to the commandments of God". The Meettings and Striving (MPP) section is dominated by Barking Deer and Ebony (negro) Langur which imply "agility". The Awakening and Teaching (MKP) section is dominated by Asian Leo which implies its value as a "guardian" animal. The MPP section has the most species distribution, which is found 20 species with a total of 47 individuals, while the MKM section has the fewest species distribution, i.e. only found two species with a total of 17 individuals. Jawan Elephant is the only species that appears in all five section. The MKM and MLD section has the highest appearance similarity index (Pianka index = 0.96), while MKM and MKP has the lowest index (Pianka index = 0.03). Analysis of species grouping resulted four major groups, namely 1) Domestic Dogs, 2) Domestic Horses, 3) Jawan Tigers, and, 4) Lions -Jawan elephants.