Analisis Kinerja Daya Saing Industri Teh Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to measure and analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian tea industry in the world based on the performance of international trade. There are four steps taken continuously to achieve the objective. First, measuring the competitiveness of Indonesian tea industry with Relative Trade Advantage (RTA). Second, identifying the major factors impacting on competitive performance by conducting surveys to tea industry stakeholders. Third, analyzing the determinants of competitiveness of the tea industry through Porter's Diamond Model. Fourth, describing changes over time the determinant factors. Competitiveness level of Indonesian tea industry is the ability of domestic tea industry to survive in the competition in global market. This study compared the performance of Indonesian tea competitiveness in 2010 and 2016 with a number of considerations. Tea competitiveness level in the two years is above level 1 which means that Indonesian tea is more competitive than other domestic commodities. Surveys and in-depth interviews conducted on 12 respondents from state-owned enterprises, private sectors, government, associations, and research institutes showed that 10% plantation VAT and EU regulation which restricted tea with 0,02% anthraquinon inhibited the competitiveness performance of tea industry. Meanwhile, factors supported the competitiveness of tea industry are agrotourism and ready-to-drink tea companies growth.

Analysis of Competitiveness and Forecasting of Indonesian Tea Exports to Main Destination Countries

“…In the ASEAN market, Indonesian tea also has strong competitiveness with an RCA value of 2.89 (Satryana & Karmini, 2016). Other research that uses a different analytical tool, namely Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) also shows the same results where Indonesian tea has competitiveness compared to other domestic commodities (RTA>1) (Nurohman et al, 2018). However, even so, the position of competitiveness of Indonesian tea is still inferior to that of Sri Lanka, Kenya, and India (Zakariyah et al, 2014).…”

“…The number of exports to Russia has increased after showing a downward trend from 2016 to 2019. The decline in Indonesian tea exports to the European region was influenced by regulations restricting the entry of tea related to the rules for limiting pesticide residues in tea (Nurohman et al, 2018). This condition caused in 2018 and 2019 the number of Indonesian tea exports to Malaysia was greater than to Russia (Figure 2).…”

Implications of Indonesian Tea Industry Involvement in Global Production Network: Downgrading or Upgrading?

“…The level of competitiveness of tea in 2010 and 2016 showed a high competitive value when compared to other domestic commodities, where the factors that support the competitiveness of the tea industry are the development of the agro-tourism industry and tea ready-to-eat beverage companies (Djohar, 2018). However, at the international level, the results of research conducted by Zakariya et, al (Zakariya et al, 2012) found that the competitiveness of Indonesian tea is relatively lower than Kenya, Sri Lanka, India but still higher than China while competitively showing that Indonesian tea commodities have strong competitiveness because internal and external factors in tea production are >>> Program Studi Ilmu Politik FISIP Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta <<< readily available.…”