Analisis Pengaruh Bentuk Bukaan Pada Pelat Lentur Dengan Metode Elemen Hingga

Abstract

Openings in the slab are generally unavoidable. Openings need to be provided to meet the needs of services such as water pipes, electrical wiring, and air vents. The area around the opening will experience an increase in deflection and stress. In this thesis, the plate will be analyzed with variations in the shape of the opening and boundary conditions. The shape of slab is square and receives a transverse uniform load. The shapes of the openings are square, rectangle, and circle. The area of the openings is kept the same and flexed at the center of the plate with different boundary conditions i.e. simple support, fixed on 4 sides, fixed on 3 sides, fixed on 2 opposite sides, and fixed on 2 adjacent sides. Slab analysis with openings was carried out using the finite element method and the help of the MIDAS FEA software. The results of the analysis showed that among the three shapes of openings, area around rectangular openings tend to produce the highest increases in displacement and stress viz. 2.6 times and 4.7 times. Meanwhile, area around the circular opening experienced the lowest increase in deflection and stress viz. 1.3 times and 1.1 times. The boundary conditions that cause the highest increase in deflection and stress are simple supports.Bukaan pada pelat umumnya tidak dapat dihindarkan. Bukaan perlu dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan seperti pipa air, kabel listrik, dan ventilasi udara. Daerah pada sekeliling bukaan akan mengalami peningkatan lendutan dan tegangan. Pada skripsi ini, akan dianilisis pelat dengan variasi bentuk bukaan dan kondisi batas. Pelat yang dianalisis berbentuk bujur sangkar dan menerima beban merata secara transversal. Bentuk bukaan yang dianalisis adalah bujur sangkar, persegi panjang, dan lingkaran. Luas ketiga bentuk bukaan dipertahankan tetap sama dan diltekkan pada pusat pelat dengan kondisi batas yang berbeda-beda yaitu tumpuan sederhana, jepit di 4 sisi, jepit di 3 sisi, jepit di 2 sisi berseberangan, dan jepit di 2 sisi bersebelahan. Analisis pelat dengan bukaan dilakukan menggunakan metode elemen hingga dan bantuan software MIDAS FEA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan diantara ketiga bentuk bukaan, bukaan berbentuk persegi panjang cenderung menghasilkan peningkatan lendutan dan tegangan yang paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 2.6 kali lipat dan 4.7 kali lipat. Sementara bukaan berbentuk lingkaran mengalami peningkatan lendutan dan tegangan yang paling rendah yaitu 1.3 kali lipat dan 1.1 kali lipat. Adapun kondisi batas yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan lendutan dan tegangan yang yang paling tinggi adalah tumpuan sederhana.

Finite Elements Method Investigation of Plates with Varied Support and Opening for Design Optimization

“…These openings can be needed for various purposes, such as pipe installation, ventilation, and ducts for essential needs such as electricity, telephone, water supply, internet networks, exhaust, and cooling machines [3]. Generally, there are three opening shapes: square, circle, and rectangle [4], [5]. Opening plates can reduce the stiffness and mass of the structure, thereby reducing its weight and earthquake loads [6].…”

“…Plate modeling using FEM can reveal the stress behavior that occurs in structures with more complicated combinations. Several studies analyzed the effect of openings on floor plates, which focused more on the influence of deformation values on the plate structure, without analyzing the stresses that occurred in the structure [7][3] [4]. Singh et al [4] modeled using the finite element method to determine the deformation and stress that occurs in plate structures with variations in the shape of openings and without openings.…”

“…Several studies analyzed the effect of openings on floor plates, which focused more on the influence of deformation values on the plate structure, without analyzing the stresses that occurred in the structure [7][3] [4]. Singh et al [4] modeled using the finite element method to determine the deformation and stress that occurs in plate structures with variations in the shape of openings and without openings. The modeling shows that the deformation and stress increase in the surrounding area is not the greatest in plates with simple supports.…”

“…The modeling shows that the deformation and stress increase in the surrounding area is not the greatest in plates with simple supports. The greatest increase in stress and deformation occurs in rectangular openings, while circular openings produce the smallest stress and deformation values [4]. On the other hand, researchers also conducted studies regarding the influence of the type of support.…”

“…Simply support has greater stress in rectangular and circular openings. 4-sided fixed support is the best choice because it has the smallest stress and deformation values. Through these results, it is possible to optimize the design of appropriate types of supports and openings to reduce excess stress and improve overall structural performance.…”