Analisis Situasional Kinerja Ekspor Rumput Laut Indonesia Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditas utama perikanan di Indonesia, di mana China merupakan tujuan pasar terbesar dengan share ekspor rata-rata sebesar 76% dari total ekspor rumput laut. Covid-19 berawal di negara tujuan ekspor utama tersebut sehingga diduga membawa dampak pada kinerja ekspor rumput laut Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor rumput laut Indonesia pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Data untuk penelitian ini adalah statistik ekspor impor BPS, yang dianalisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif untuk menghitung laju pertumbuhan berdasarkan jenis komoditas, yakni rumput laut kering, agar-agar dan karaginan, yang dianggap dapat memberikan gambaran situasional kinerja ekspor rumput laut Indonesia dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut mengalami penurunan ekspor cukup besar pada triwulan 1 tahun 2020, yakni sebesar 30,54% berdasarkan volume ekspor dan 19,90% berdasarkan nilai ekspornya yang kemudian mulai pulih pada triwulan 2 sehingga agregat penurunan ekspor selama semester 1 tahun 2020 sebesar 7,70% dari sisi volume dan 6,17% dari sisi nilai. Penurunan besar tersebut disumbang terutama oleh penurunan signifikan pada ekspor rumput laut kering jenis Euchema cottonii, meskipun di sisi lain terjadi peningkatan ekspor rumput laut olahan. Implikasi kebijakan dari hasil kajian adalah (i) meningkatnya urgensi untuk mempercepat pengembangan industri rumput laut di sisi hilir dan (ii) makin perlunya melakukan diversifikasi jenis rumput laut yang diproduksi; kedua hal tersebut diperlukan untuk membuat usaha rumput laut nasional dapat bertahan dari bencana non alam yang dapat terjadi sewaktu-waktu seperti pandemi Covid-19. Title: Export Performance Situation Analysis of Indonesian Seaweed During the Outbreak of COVID-19Seaweed is among the Indonesian leading fishery commodities. The main destination country of Indonesian seaweed export is China with average export share about 76% from the total Indonesian seaweed export. Covid-19 originated from China and the pandemic is therefore believed to have an impact on Indonesian seaweed export performance. This study aimed to analyze the performance of Indonesian seaweed export during Covid-19 outbreak. The study analyzed export and import data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) with descriptive statistic method to measure the growth of seaweed export commodities such as dried seaweed, agar, and carrageenan. The data were analyzed to investigate the situation analysis of seaweed export performance compared with the export performance in the previous year. The results showed that seaweed had undergone a significant decline in export in the first quarter of 2020 about 30.54% on export volume and 19.90% on export value. In the second quarter, it started to recover with the aggregate decline during the first semester of 2020 was 7.70% on the volume and 6.17% on the value. The decline in exports was due to significant decrease of dried Euchema cottonii seaweed despite an increased export of processed seaweed. Therefore, the policy implications of this study are (i) immediate development of the downstream seaweed industries and (ii) diversification of seaweed product for the resilience of national seaweed industry against the non-natural disaster such as Covid-19 outbreak.

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