Analog of the Sommerfeld Law in Quantum Vacuum

Volovik, G. E.

doi:10.1134/s0021364023602208

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The black hole entropy is also concentrated in the singularity, together with the curvature R and mass M [20]. This again supports the holographic connection between the entropy of bulk, which is concentrated in the singularity, and the surface entropy of the black hole horizon.…”

Section: Entropy Of Black Hole From Negative Entropy Of Contracting D...supporting

confidence: 71%

“…The connection between the black hole and the de Sitter state appears when we consider the black hole obtained through the deformation of the gravastar [20]. The gravastar is an object that contains a de Sitter vacuum inside a black hole horizon [146][147][148].…”

Section: Gravastar-black Hole With De Sitter Corementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The f (R) theory demonstrates that the effective gravitational coupling K (it is the inverse Newton constant, K = 1 16πG ) and the scalar curvature R are connected via equation K = d f /dR. This suggests that K and R are the thermodynamically conjugate variables [20,21]. This pair of the non-extensive gravitational variables is similar to the pair of the electrodynamic variables: the electric field E and electric induction D, which participate in the thermodynamics of dielectrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamics and Decay of de Sitter Vacuum

Volovik

2024

Symmetry

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We discuss the consequences of the unique symmetry of de Sitter spacetime. This symmetry leads to the specific thermodynamic properties of the de Sitter vacuum, which produces a thermal bath for matter. de Sitter spacetime is invariant under the modified translations, r→r−eHta, where H is the Hubble parameter. For H→0, this symmetry corresponds to the conventional invariance of Minkowski spacetime under translations r→r−a. Due to this symmetry, all the comoving observers at any point of the de Sitter space perceive the de Sitter environment as the thermal bath with temperature T=H/π, which is twice as large as the Gibbons–Hawking temperature of the cosmological horizon. This temperature does not violate de Sitter symmetry and, thus, does not require the preferred reference frame, as distinct from the thermal state of matter, which violates de Sitter symmetry. This leads to the heat exchange between gravity and matter and to the instability of the de Sitter state towards the creation of matter, its further heating, and finally the decay of the de Sitter state. The temperature T=H/π determines different processes in the de Sitter environment that are not possible in the Minkowski vacuum, such as the process of ionization of an atom in the de Sitter environment. This temperature also determines the local entropy of the de Sitter vacuum state, and this allows us to calculate the total entropy of the volume inside the cosmological horizon. The result reproduces the Gibbons–Hawking area law, which is attributed to the cosmological horizon, Shor=4πKA, where K=1/(16πG). This supports the holographic properties of the cosmological event horizon. We extend the consideration of the local thermodynamics of the de Sitter state using the f(R) gravity. In this thermodynamics, the Ricci scalar curvature R and the effective gravitational coupling K are thermodynamically conjugate variables. The holographic connection between the bulk entropy of the Hubble volume and the surface entropy of the cosmological horizon remains the same but with the gravitational coupling K=df/dR. Such a connection takes place only in the 3+1 spacetime, where there is a special symmetry due to which the variables K and R have the same dimensionality. We also consider the lessons from de Sitter symmetry for the thermodynamics of black and white holes.

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Section: Entropy Of Black Hole From Negative Entropy Of Contracting D...supporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Gravastar-black Hole With De Sitter Corementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamics and Decay of de Sitter Vacuum

Volovik

2024

Symmetry

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Fermi model of a quantum black hole

Chu,

Miao

2024

Phys. Rev. D

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We propose a quantum model of the Schwarzschild black hole as a quantum mechanics of a system of fermionic degrees of freedom. The system has a constant density of states and a Fermi energy that is inversely proportional to the size of the system. Assuming the equivalence principle, we show that the degeneracy pressure of the Fermi degrees of freedom is able to withstand the collapse of gravity if the radius of the system is given precisely by the horizon radius of the Schwarzschild black hole. In our model, the fermionic degrees of freedom at each energy level can be entangled in certain different ways, giving rise to a multitude of degenerate ground states of the system. The counting of these microstates reproduces precisely the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. This simple Fermi model is universal and works also for the Reissner-Nordström charged black hole as well as black holes with a cosmological constant. From the properties of the Fermi variables, we propose that quantum gravity is characterized by a principle of where there can be no more than V/lP3 quantum states in any volume V. It implies a loss of spatial locality below the Planck length and suggests that any singularity predicted by general relativity is resolved and replaced by a quantum space in quantum gravity. In our model, a black hole spacetime is equipped with a uniform distribution of energy levels. This is another reason why black holes can be considered a simple harmonic oscillator of quantum gravity. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Gravity Through the Prism of Condensed Matter Physics (Brief Review)

Volovik

2023

Jetp Lett.

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Analog of the Sommerfeld Law in Quantum Vacuum

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Thermodynamics and Decay of de Sitter Vacuum

Thermodynamics and Decay of de Sitter Vacuum

Fermi model of a quantum black hole

Gravity Through the Prism of Condensed Matter Physics (Brief Review)

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