Analogous IgG subclass response to pertussis toxin in vaccinated children, healthy or affected by whooping cough

Giammanco, Anna; Taormina, Susanna; Chiarini, A; Dardanoni, G; Stefanelli, Paola; Salmaso, Stefania; Mastrantonio, Paola

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00823-x

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The pertussis vaccine used for priming seems to determine the IgG subclass composition elicited in a secondary antibody response upon booster vaccination. In other studies, IgG1 was found to be the predominant subclass after pertussis vaccination and IgG4 contributed only marginally to the total IgG level (16,24). The more pronounced antipertussis IgG4 response in aPprimed children, which also was observed by Giammanco et al (16), might reflect more Th2 skewing of the immune response after aP vaccination (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In other studies, IgG1 was found to be the predominant subclass after pertussis vaccination and IgG4 contributed only marginally to the total IgG level (16,24). The more pronounced antipertussis IgG4 response in aPprimed children, which also was observed by Giammanco et al (16), might reflect more Th2 skewing of the immune response after aP vaccination (37). Previous studies have shown that high concentrations of PT, FHA, and Prn in most pediatric aP vaccines elicit a Th2 or mixed Th1/Th2 immune response (9,12,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In general, higher antibody levels have been observed after switching from wP to aP vaccinations (3,15). These antibody responses consist of different subclasses with IgG1 as the dominant subtype, followed by IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 (16). The induction of IgG subclasses is regulated by T-cell cytokine production and is influenced by the nature and dose of the vaccine antigens as well as the age of the vaccinees (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differential T- and B-Cell Responses to Pertussis in Acellular Vaccine-Primed versus Whole-Cell Vaccine-Primed Children 2 Years after Preschool Acellular Booster Vaccination

Schure

Hendrikx

Rond

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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cThis study investigated long-term cellular and humoral immunity against pertussis after booster vaccination of 4-year-old children who had been vaccinated at 2, 3, 4, and 11 months of age with either whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine. Immune responses were evaluated until 2 years after the preschool booster aP vaccination. In a cross-sectional study (registered trial no. ISRCTN65428640), blood samples were taken from wP-and aP-primed children prebooster and 1 month and 2 years postbooster. Pertussis vaccine antigen-specific IgG levels, antibody avidities, and IgG subclasses, as well as T-cell cytokine levels, were measured by fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassays. The numbers of pertussis-specific memory B cells and gamma interferon (IFN-␥)-producing T cells were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays. Even 2 years after booster vaccination, memory B cells were still present and higher levels of pertussis-specific antibodies than prebooster were found in aP-primed children and, to a lesser degree, also in wP-primed children. The antibodies consisted mainly of the IgG1 subclass but also showed an increased IgG4 portion, primarily in the aP-primed children. The antibody avidity indices for pertussis toxin and pertactin in aP-primed children were already high prebooster and remained stable at 2 years, whereas those in wP-primed children increased. All measured prebooster T-cell responses in aP-primed children were already high and remained at similar levels or even decreased during the 2 years after booster vaccination, whereas those in wP-primed children increased. Since the Dutch wP vaccine has been replaced by aP vaccines, the induction of B-cell and T-cell memory immune responses has been enhanced, but antibody levels still wane after five aP vaccinations. Based on these long-term immune responses, the Dutch pertussis vaccination schedule can be optimized, and we discuss here several options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential T- and B-Cell Responses to Pertussis in Acellular Vaccine-Primed versus Whole-Cell Vaccine-Primed Children 2 Years after Preschool Acellular Booster Vaccination

Schure

Hendrikx

Rond

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Considerable investigations have been carried out on the B. pertussis organism, its toxins, molecular biology and pathogenicity. Human and animal studies have provided more data on immunity, including the role of cell-mediated mechanisms [69][70][71][72][73], which may lead to improved assays or the development of alternatives. Several attempts to develop alternatives are described below.…”

Section: Issues With Kendrick Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-cell pertussis vaccine potency assays: the Kendrick test and alternative assays

Xing

Markey

Das

et al. 2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Whole-cell pertussis vaccines are still widely used across the globe and have been shown to produce longer lasting immunity against pertussis infection than acellular pertussis vaccines. Therefore, whole-cell vaccines are likely to continue to be used for the foreseeable future. The intracerebral mouse protection test (Kendrick test) is effective for determining the potency of whole-cell pertussis vaccines and is the only test that has shown a correlation with protection in children. Here we review the Kendrick test in terms of international requirements for vaccine potency and critical technical points to be considered for a successful test including test validity, in-house references and statistical analysis. There are objections to the Kendrick test on animal welfare and technical grounds. Respiratory challenge assays, nitric oxide induction assay and serological assays have been developed and have been proposed as possible methods which might provide alternatives to the Kendrick test. These methods and their limitations are also briefly discussed. Establishment of validated in vitro correlates of protection has yet to be achieved. New technical developments, such as genome sequence and the use of gene microarrays to screen responses triggered by vaccine components may also provide leads to alternative assays to the Kendrick test by identifying biomarkers of protection.

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“…IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies are usually elicited by protein antigens, which are so-called T-cell dependent antigens (8,22). In contrast, carbohydrate polysaccharide (PS) antigens, T-cell-independent (TI) antigens, preferentially elicit IgG2 in adults (6,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Fluorescent-Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassay To Determine Immunoglobulin G Subclass Responses to Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A and C Polysaccharides

Voer

Klis

Engels

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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A fluorescent-particle-based multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay (MIA) for the detection of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and two IgG subclasses, IgG1 and IgG2, specific for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (MenA) and C (MenC) polysaccharides (PS) was developed. The assay comprised three separate duplex assays, one for the detection of the IgG response to MenA and MenC PS, another for the detection of the IgG1 response to MenA and MenC PS, and a third for the detection of the IgG2 response to MenA and MenC PS. Next, the three separate duplex assays were combined and analyzed as a hexaplex assay. No interference between monoplex, duplex, and hexaplex assays was observed, and the assay was found to have low intra-and interassay variation (<9.0% and <27%, respectively). Comparison of the meningococcal subclass MIA to the in-house enzyme-linked inmmunosorbent assays showed a good correlation (R > 0.85) for each of the subclasses. We conclude that the hexaplex meningococcal subclass MIA is an easy and specific assay for the determination of anti-MenA and anti-MenC PS subclass IgG, requiring minimal amounts of serum to study IgG subclass responses to vaccines.

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Analogous IgG subclass response to pertussis toxin in vaccinated children, healthy or affected by whooping cough

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Differential T- and B-Cell Responses to Pertussis in Acellular Vaccine-Primed versus Whole-Cell Vaccine-Primed Children 2 Years after Preschool Acellular Booster Vaccination

Differential T- and B-Cell Responses to Pertussis in Acellular Vaccine-Primed versus Whole-Cell Vaccine-Primed Children 2 Years after Preschool Acellular Booster Vaccination

Whole-cell pertussis vaccine potency assays: the Kendrick test and alternative assays

Development of a Fluorescent-Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassay To Determine Immunoglobulin G Subclass Responses to Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A and C Polysaccharides

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