Analogous response of temperate terrestrial exoplanets and Earth’s climate dynamics to greenhouse gas supplement

Hochman, Assaf; Komacek, Thaddeus D.; Luca, Paolo De

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38026-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This question is entertained in a comprehensive review of space weather effects on climate and habitability of exoplanets by Airapetian et al (2020). StEP radiation, in particular, may harm or destroy exoplanet life, e.g., exoplanet warming via greenhouse gases (Airapetian et al 2016;Hochman et al 2023). But it can also aid in the genesis of life through the production of nitrogen oxides, leading to hydrogen cyanide (HCN), important for prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids (Lingam et al 2018;Kay et al 2019;Airapetian et al 2020).…”

Section: Exoplanets and Stellar Flaresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar–Stellar Connection: X-Ray Flares to Energetic (E > 10 MeV) Particle Events

Kahler,

Ling

2023

ApJ

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Energetic particle environments are an important factor for the viability of life on exoplanets surrounding flare stars. In the heliosphere, large gradual solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events are produced by shocks from fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Extensive observations of solar X-ray flares, CMEs, and SEP events can provide guidance for flare star models of stellar energetic particle (StEP) events, for which stellar flares, but only rarely the associated CMEs, are observed. Comparing an extensive list of peak fluxes, timescales, and peak temperatures of 585 ≥ M3.0 solar X-ray flares with the occurrence of associated SEP events of peak flux Ip > 1.4 proton flux units, enhanced with proxy decametric–hectometric type II radio bursts, we determine guidelines for StEP event outcomes, given only stellar X-ray flare inputs. Longer timescales and lower peak temperatures of X-ray flares with a given peak X-ray flux Fp are more favorable for occurrence of associated SEP/StEP events, which, however, are only a minority of all solar flare outcomes. Most solar flares do not result in SEP events, invalidating scaling laws between stellar flares, CMEs, and StEP events. We discuss recent observations and models of the flare–CME relationship and suggest that StEP intensities Ip may often be overestimated.

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Section: Exoplanets and Stellar Flaresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar–Stellar Connection: X-Ray Flares to Energetic (E > 10 MeV) Particle Events

Kahler,

Ling

2023

ApJ

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“…Here, we leverage two current metrics that allow us to describe the time series dynamics of two‐dimensional atmospheric states: (i) the co‐recurrence ratio ( α ) quantifies the dependence between atmospheric variables such as precipitation and wind (de Luca et al ., 2020a); (ii) persistence in phase space (Θ −1 ), which is related to the more traditional interpretation of persistence (Faranda et al ., 2017a, 2020). The dynamical systems framework has been effectively applied in understanding various climate and weather extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean, midlatitudes, and beyond (Faranda et al ., 2017a, 2019, 2020; Hochman et al ., 2019a, 2020, 2022, 2023; de Luca et al ., 2020b). However, it is important to emphasize that dynamical system tools are complementary and can add important temporal insights but are not to replace the numerical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical systems insights on cyclonic compound “wet” and “windy” extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean

Vakrat,

Hochman

2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Extreme weather, such as heavy precipitation and strong winds, can co‐occur, resulting in larger socio‐economic impacts than the linear sum of their components. These are termed 'compound extremes' and are challenging to forecast even a few days before.With this aim, we investigate the 'wet' and 'windy' extremes associated with Eastern Mediterranean cyclones in winter. We combine insights from a synoptic classification algorithm, traditional atmospheric analysis techniques, and dynamical systems theory. In phase space, the latter quantifies atmospheric states' co‐recurrence ratio (α) and persistence (Θ‐1). We base the analysis on ERA5 at various pressure levels and time lags.Our analysis is two‐fold; First, we define compound dynamical extremes (CDE) based on upper and lower deciles of α and Θ‐1, linking them to the synoptic patterns. We find that CDEs are related to the depth and location of the surface cyclone and upper‐level trough. Then, we show that high co‐recurrence and persistence are associated with heavier precipitation and stronger wind speed. Second, we define compound extremes (CE), the upper 5% of precipitation intensity and wind velocity co‐occurring simultaneously. We link these back to the dynamical system metrics anomalies. Finally, we compare CEs with individual extremes and cyclone climatology. We find that CEs display significantly higher co‐recurrence and persistence than individual extremes. Indeed, days with high co‐recurrence and persistence anomalies are ~ 2‐18 times more likely to be allied with extreme weather, depending on the extreme type, than low co‐recurrence and persistence. Moreover, we show that the upper levels are significantly more persistent than the surface flow during a CE. The mid‐February 2012 'wet' and 'windy' CE case study strengthened the abovementioned climatological findings.To conclude, the dynamical systems viewpoint is a valuable complement to understanding the dynamics of CEs in the Eastern Mediterranean. We foresee it to be fruitfully applied to other CEs and regions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The impact of ozone on Earth-like exoplanet climate dynamics: the case of Proxima Centauri b

De Luca,

Braam,

Komacek

et al. 2024

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The emergence of the James Webb Space Telescope and the development of other advanced observatories (e.g. ELTs, LIFE and HWO) marks a pivotal moment in the quest to characterize the atmospheres of Earth-like exoplanets. Motivated by these advancements, we conduct theoretical explorations of exoplanetary atmospheres, focusing on refining our understanding of planetary climate and habitability. Our study investigates the impact of ozone on the atmosphere of Proxima Centauri b in a synchronous orbit, utilizing coupled climate chemistry model simulations and dynamical systems theory. The latter quantifies compound dynamical metrics in phase space through the inverse of co-persistence (θ) and co-dimension (d), of which low values correspond to stable atmospheric states. Initially, we scrutinized the influence of ozone on temperature and wind speed. Including interactive ozone (i.e. coupled atmospheric (photo)chemistry) reduces the hemispheric difference in temperature from 68 °K to 64 °K, increases (∼+7 °K) atmospheric temperature at an altitude range of ∼20–50 km, and increases variability in the compound dynamics of temperature and wind speed. Moreover, with interactive ozone, wind speed during highly temporally stable states is weaker than for unstable ones, and ozone transport to the nightside gyres during unstable states is enhanced compared to stable ones (∼+800 DU). We conclude that including interactive ozone significantly influences Earth-like exoplanets' chemistry and climate dynamics. This study establishes a novel pathway for comprehending the influence of photochemical species on the climate dynamics of potentially habitable Earth-like exoplanets. We envisage an extension of this framework to other exoplanets.

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Analogous response of temperate terrestrial exoplanets and Earth’s climate dynamics to greenhouse gas supplement

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Solar–Stellar Connection: X-Ray Flares to Energetic (E > 10 MeV) Particle Events

Solar–Stellar Connection: X-Ray Flares to Energetic (E > 10 MeV) Particle Events

Dynamical systems insights on cyclonic compound “wet” and “windy” extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean

The impact of ozone on Earth-like exoplanet climate dynamics: the case of Proxima Centauri b

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