Analogue two-dimensional semiconductor electronics

Abstract

While digital electronics has become entirely ubiquitous in today's world and appears in the limelight, analogue electronics is still playing a crucial role in many devices and applications. Current analogue circuits are mostly manufactured using silicon as active material, but the ever present demand for improved performance, new devices and flexible integration has -similar to their digital counterparts -pushed for research into alternative materials. In recent years two-dimensional materials have received considerable research interest, fitting their promising properties for future electronics. In this work we demonstrate an operational amplifier -a basic building block of analogue electronics -using a two-dimensional semiconductor, namely molybdenum disulfide, as active material. Our device is capable of stable operation with good performance, and we demonstrate its use in feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers, and transimpedance amplifiers.At a system level, electronic devices can be characterized as either analogue or digital. While digital electronics works by using strictly defined, discrete signal values -0 and 1 -in analogue electronics a signal can take any physically available level. Although the incredible increase in performance/price ratio of digital circuits has made many kinds of analogue circuits obsolete, there is still significant demand for analogue electronics in today's world.As with their digital counterparts, manufacturing of analogue electronics is still mostly done on silicon, but also here the never ceasing demand for higher performance, new kinds of devices and different, flexible integration is pushing research into new materials [1][2][3][4] . Two-

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