“…Many non-accident critical events-related terminologies and the corresponding methods have been proposed to analyze maritime traffic risk (Lei, 2019;Zhang et al, 2015). Among the literature, one can find that non-accident critical events are often related but not limited to traffic conflict (Debnath, 2009;Lei, 2019), near-miss (Szłapczyński and Niksa-Rynkiewicz, 2018), near-collision (Watawana and Caldera, 2018;Zhang et al, 2015), collision candidate (Chen et al, 2018(Chen et al, , 2019a(Chen et al, , 2019b and critical encounter (Hassel et al, 2019). These key events can indicate the potential for collision.…”