, when the centre of Hurricane Florence was still hundreds of kilometres from North Carolina's coast. As the giant storm lurched towards land, officials ordered more than 1.5 million people to evacuate, warning of "lifethreatening" damage. On 15 September, Florence finally crashed into the United States, where it slowed to a crawl and unleashed even heavier rains. In some places, the deluge continued non-stop for four days. By the time it was all over, Florence had dumped record amounts of rain-including nearly one metre in the town of Elizabethtown, North Carolina-and caused catastrophic flooding. Dozens of people died, and the storm racked up tens of billions of dollars in damages. Even now, months later, the area is struggling to recover. The story of how Florence brought a thriving region to its knees is about to get a lot more familiar. Climate scientists expect that as global temperatures rise, much more rain will fall in extreme storms. The warmer the atmosphere, the more moisture it can hold, which means storms can get wetter. Even before Florence made landfall, a team based at Stony Brook University in New York predicted that the hurricane's heaviest rains would dump at least 50% more precipitation than would have happened people not warmed the planet. Extreme rains-along with the flooding, landslides and other devastation they cause-are some of the deadliest weather events worldwide. This year, heavy rains in the Indian state of Kerala killed more than 470 people, and flooding in southwestern Japan left more than 200 dead. In the United States, flooding, severe storms and tropical cyclones account for 9 of the 11 natural disasters that have topped US$1 billion in damages so far this year. But forecasting how the most punishing rains might change in the future has been notoriously difficult, because scientists can't easily simulate these storms in computer models. Now, many research teams are making advances in understanding the future of extreme precipitation across the world, thanks to models with very high resolution that can provide insight into how storms evolve. Some of the most sophisticated forecasts suggest that as the globe warms, more rains will fall in severe, intermittent storms rather than in the kind of gentle soaking showers that can sustain crops. Other research indicates that the ways in which thunderstorms organize The latest climate simulations are showing that storms will get wetter and more erratic as the world warms.