Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis

Awad, Amer; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hartung, Hans Peter; Kieseier, Bernd C.; Bennett, Jeffrey L.; Stüve, Olaf

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.09.002

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Regarding results of OCB, 75% of patients with CIS have positive OCB in CSF while in RIS only 23% has positive results. These results was partially agreed with [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] they mentioned that, Sixty to seventy percent of patients with CIS have positive OCBs and with [26] he reported that the positive OCB were detected in 61% of patients with CIS [27]. Found CSF oligoclonal banding having sensitivity between 69-91% for diagnosis of MS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Clinically and Radiological isolated syndrome (MS risk)

Ahmed¹

2018

J Radiol Oncol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Clinically and Radiological isolated syndrome (MS risk)

Ahmed¹

2018

J Radiol Oncol

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“…OCBs are an important hallmark of MS CSF and are produced in the context of sustained antigenic stimulation in the intrathecal compartment (21). Therefore, it is intriguing to find SPAG16-specific OCBs in MS CSF, even when a limited number of patients was tested, and particularly because despite intensive research, the target Ag(s) recognized by individual OCBs in MS has remained elusive (22). Furthermore, when paired CSF/plasma samples were compared, we also found that 6 of 23 MS patients had an exclusive anti-SPAG16 Ab response in the plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm-Associated Antigen 16 Is a Novel Target of the Humoral Autoimmune Response in Multiple Sclerosis

Bock

Somers

Fraussen

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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We have previously identified eight novel autoantibody targets in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, including sperm-associated Ag 16 (SPAG16). In the current study, we further investigated the autoantibody response against SPAG16—a protein with unknown function in the CNS—and its expression in MS pathology. Using isoelectric focusing, we detected SPAG16-specific oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of 5 of 23 MS patients (22%). Analysis of the anti-SPAG16 Ab reactivity in the plasma of a total of 531 donors using ELISA demonstrated significantly elevated anti-SPAG16 Ab levels (p = 0.002) in 32 of 153 MS patients (21%) compared with all other control groups with 95% specificity for the disease. To investigate the pathologic relevance of anti-SPAG16 Abs in vivo, anti-SPAG16 Abs were injected in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, resulting in a significant disease exacerbation. Finally, we demonstrated a consistent upregulation of SPAG16 in MS brain and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis spinal cord lesions, more specifically in reactive astrocytes. We conclude that SPAG16 is a novel autoantibody target in a subgroup of MS patients and in combination with other diagnostic criteria, elevated levels of anti-SPAG16 Abs could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis. Furthermore, the pathologic relevance of anti-SPAG16 Abs was shown in vivo.

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“…19 Some studies suggest the presence of IgM oligoclonal bands could be a more specific indicator for the diagnosis of MS and predict a worse clinical course and high relapse rate. 20 Intrathecal production of soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) is elevated in patients with MS and might play a role in predicting the progression from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to clinically definite MS. 21 It has been recently suggested that patients with RRMS have significantly higher CSF levels of ␣-1 antichymotrypsin (A1AC), ␣-1 macroglobulin (A2MG), and fibulin 1 as compared to control subjects. 22 Another study notes serum IgG antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 are present during active immune responses in MS, with good correlation with gadolinium-enhancing lesions on MRI.…”

Section: Biomarkers In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%