Analyses of Early Sunspot Records by Jean Tarde (1615 – 1617) and Jan Smogulecki (1621 – 1625)

Carrasco, V. M. S.; Gallego, M. C.; Álvarez, Joaquín Villalba; Vaquero, J. M.; Hayakawa, Hisashi

doi:10.1007/s11207-021-01905-2

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Their results had been recorded in their books for sunspots as sunspot drawings and textual descriptions (Arlt and Vaquero, 2020). These records permit derivations and comparisons with other observers of sunspot-group number and sunspot positions for these periods (Carrasco et al, 2021c).…”

Section: (A) the Earliest Sunspot Observations: 1610 -1645mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report

et al. 2023

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We report progress on the ongoing recalibration of the Wolf sunspot number ($S_{\mathrm{N}}$ S N ) and group-sunspot number ($G_{\mathrm{N}}$ G N ) following the release of version 2.0 of $S_{\mathrm{N}}$ S N in 2015. This report constitutes both an update of the efforts reported in the 2016 Topical Issue of Solar Physics and a summary of work by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) International Team formed in 2017 to develop optimal $S_{\mathrm{N}}$ S N and $G_{\mathrm{N}}$ G N reconstruction methods while continuing to expand the historical sunspot-number database. Significant progress has been made on the database side while more work is needed to bring the various proposed $S_{\mathrm{N}}$ S N and (primarily) $G_{\mathrm{N}}$ G N reconstruction methods closer to maturity, after which the new reconstructions (or combinations thereof) can be compared with (a) “benchmark” expectations for any normalization scheme (e.g., a general increase in observer normalization factors going back in time), and (b) independent proxy data series such as F10.7 and the daily range of variations of Earth’s undisturbed magnetic field. New versions of the underlying databases for $S_{\mathrm{N}}$ S N and $G_{\mathrm{N}}$ G N will shortly become available for years through 2022 and we anticipate the release of the next versions of these two time series in 2024.

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Section: (A) the Earliest Sunspot Observations: 1610 -1645mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report

et al. 2023

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“…This involves sunspot workshops (https: //ssnworkshop.fandom.com/wiki/Home), engaging in the Solar Physics topical issue on SN re-calibration (Friedli, 2016), and a working group in the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) on recalibration of the SN (https://www.issibern.ch/ teams/sunspotnoser/) . There have also been a lot of archival investigations (Hayakawa et al, 2019(Hayakawa et al, , 2020Carrasco et al, 2020;Hayakawa et al, 2021b;Arlt et al, 2013;Carrasco et al, 2021a;Hayakawa et al, 2021a) and stateof-the-art calibration techniques (Usoskin et al, 2016a;Svalgaard and Schatten, 2016;Chatzistergos et al, 2017;Usoskin, Kovaltsov, and Kiviaho, 2021;Willamo, Usoskin, and Kovaltsov, 2017;Cliver and Ling, 2016). Data collection and their stability assessment is an important part for the re-calibration of the sunspot series.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The journal was maintained from 1848 (Wolf, 1848) until his death in 1893 (Wolf and Wolfer, 1894). In addition to the digitisation of the Mittheilungen, recent studies have partly revised and added individual sunspot and group observations on the basis of archival investigations from original materials (Carrasco et al, 2020;Hayakawa et al, 2020;Carrasco et al, 2022Carrasco et al, , 2021aCarrasco, 2021;Hayakawa et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rudolf Wolf to Alfred Wolfer: The Transfer of the Reference Observer in the International Sunspot Number Series (1876–1893)

Bhattacharya,

Lefèvre,

Chatzistergos

et al. 2024

Sol Phys

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In 1876 Alfred Wolfer started observing the Sun and recording properties of sunspots alongside Rudolf Wolf. Their observations became the basis for the construction of the Sunspot Number series. After Wolf's death in 1893, Wolfer became the primary observer for the Sunspot Number series. Even though the observations of Wolf and Wolfer had an overlap of almost 17 years (1876-1893), this shift of primary observer S. Bhattacharya

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“…Following these efforts, it is expected that we will be able to reconstruct the sunspot number series from the raw original data of individual observers. These raw data can be largely found in the Mittheilungen, but recent studies have partly revised and added individual sunspot and group observations on the basis of archival investigations from original materials (Carrasco et al, 2020;Hayakawa et al, 2020;Carrasco et al, 2022Carrasco et al, , 2021Carrasco, 2021;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale Transfer in 1849 Heinrich Schwabe to Rudolf Wolf

Bhattacharya

Lefèvre

Hayakawa

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The focus of this study is to reveal the reason behind a scale problem detected around1849 in the historical version of the International Sunspot Number Series, i.e. version1 (Leussu et al, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 559, A28, 2013; Friedli, Solar Phys.291,2505, 2016). From 1826 to 1848 Heinrich Schwabe’s observations were consideredprimary by Rudolf Wolf, and a shift of primary observer from Schwabe to Wolf in1849 seems to have led to an inconsistency in the Sunspot Number series. In thisstudy we benefited from various datasets, the most important being Schwabe’s rawcounts from the Mittheilungen (Prof. Wolf’s Journals) that have been digitised at theRoyal Observatory of Belgium between 2017 and 2019. We provide a robust quantification of the detected problem by using classic algebraic calculations but alsodifferent methods such as a method inspired by Lockwood et al (Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119(7), 5172, 2014), hence assigning a modern k-factorto Schwabe’s observations before 1849. We also assess the implications of this 1849 inconsistency on the International Sunspot Number series (Versions 1 and 2) beforeand after 1849.

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Analyses of Early Sunspot Records by Jean Tarde (1615 – 1617) and Jan Smogulecki (1621 – 1625)

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report

Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report

Rudolf Wolf to Alfred Wolfer: The Transfer of the Reference Observer in the International Sunspot Number Series (1876–1893)

Scale Transfer in 1849 Heinrich Schwabe to Rudolf Wolf

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