Analyses of LPG Dispersion During Its Accidental Release in Enclosed Car Parks

Brzezińska, Dorota; Dziubiński, M.; Markowski, A.

doi:10.1515/eces-2017-0017

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Cai et al 12 conducted relevant experiments to study the diffusion law after indoor natural gas leakage and the hazards after an explosion and determined the distribution law of indoor natural gas volume fraction under different leakage conditions, as well as the propagation laws of flames and shock waves in an explosion. Brzezińska et al 13 conducted a series of experiments to study the dispersion distribution of leakage LPG in a confined garage, showing that under unventilated conditions, leakage LPG can accumulate on the floor of a confined garage for a prolonged time, creating a high explosion hazard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Analysis on the Diffusion and Accumulation Characteristics of Microleakage LPG in an Integrated Stove

Jin

Lin

Zhao³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Gas microleakage, which results in gas diffusion and accumulation in domestic gas appliances, is the leading cause of indoor gas explosion accidents. To research the diffusion and accumulation characteristics of microleakage gas in domestic gas appliances, this study took an integrated stove as the research object and analyzed the effects of different leakage rates and leakage locations on the diffusion and accumulation characteristics of microleakage liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in its interior using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method. The results show that microleakage LPG is characterized by a downward diffusion flow driven by gravity and the concentration inside the integrated stove cavity generally increases with the increase of leakage time; however, the spatial distribution is extremely inhomogeneous. In addition, the volume of the dangerous area rapidly changes with the continuous accumulation of microleakage LPG, occupying more than 50% of the cavity volume. Microleakage LPG diffusion and accumulation process are highly similar under different leakage rates; on the contrary, the location of the leakage source is closely related to the diffusion and accumulation characteristics. The diffusion distribution and accumulation position of microleakage LPG at different leakage locations present obvious differences. Typically, there is a concentration difference of 0.1−0.2% between the top and the bottom when the leakage source is located above the gas stove baffle and a concentration difference of 1.0−1.3% between the top and the bottom when the leakage source is located below the gas stove baffle. In addition, the difference in the leakage location has a significant impact on the time the concentration of LPG reaches the critical concentration, which indicates that the combustion and explosion risk of different leakage locations are highly related to the leakage time. The research can provide certain technical support for microleakage gas explosion accident prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Analysis on the Diffusion and Accumulation Characteristics of Microleakage LPG in an Integrated Stove

Jin

Lin

Zhao³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Hydrogen Dispersion and Ventilation Effects in Enclosures under Different Release Conditions

Brzezińska

2021

Energies

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Hydrogen is an explosive gas, which could create extremely hazardous conditions when released into an enclosure. Full-scale experiments of hydrogen release and dispersion in the confined space were conducted. The experiments were performed for hydrogen release outflow of 63 × 10−3 m3/s through a single nozzle and multi-point release way optionally. It was found that the hydrogen dispersion in an enclosure strongly depends on the gas release way. Significantly higher hydrogen stratification is observed in a single nozzle release than in the case of the multi-point release when the gas concentration becomes more uniform in the entire enclosure volume. The experimental results were confirmed on the basis of Froud number analysis. The CFD simulations realized with the FDS code by NIST allowed visualization of the experimental hydrogen dispersion phenomenon and confirmed that the varied distribution of hydrogen did not affect the effectiveness of the accidental mechanical ventilation system applied in the tested room.

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Performance-Based Analysis in Evaluation of Safety in Car Parks under Electric Vehicle Fire Conditions

Brzezińska

Bryant

2022

Energies

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Even though electric vehicles (EV) were invented over a century ago, their popularity has grown significantly within the last 10 years due to the development of Li-ion battery technology. This evolution created an increase in the fire risk and hazards associated with this type of high-energy battery. This review focuses on lessons learned from electric vehicle fires and fire risk mitigation measures for passenger road vehicles partially or fully powered by Li-ion batteries. The paper presents EV fire risks, as well as historical car fires, published large-scale fire tests, and some proposed fire protection strategies in the aspect of electromobility safety for the future. Technical solutions for EV fire hazard mitigation are discussed, and methods of performance-based analysis and simulations for fire safety in car park evaluation are demonstrated. The Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) was used for the CFD simulations for the prediction of smoke dispersion and temperature distribution during an EV fire. The presented case study demonstrates how fire simulations could predict conditions for the safe evacuation of people and Fire Brigade intervention conditions in the case of an EV fire in a car park.

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Analyses of LPG Dispersion During Its Accidental Release in Enclosed Car Parks

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

CFD Analysis on the Diffusion and Accumulation Characteristics of Microleakage LPG in an Integrated Stove

CFD Analysis on the Diffusion and Accumulation Characteristics of Microleakage LPG in an Integrated Stove

Hydrogen Dispersion and Ventilation Effects in Enclosures under Different Release Conditions

Performance-Based Analysis in Evaluation of Safety in Car Parks under Electric Vehicle Fire Conditions

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