Analyses of organic acids and inorganic anions and their relationship in human saliva before and after glucose intake

Park, Yong-Duk; Jang, Jong-Hwa; Oh, Yoon-Jong; Kwon, Ha-Jeong

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.10.006

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The intake of food and drinks within the study day might substantially contribute to organic acids in saliva, although during sampling sessions neither eating nor drinking was allowed 36 . This applies particularly www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ to lactate, which originates from bacterial carbohydrate metabolism following the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway 37,38 and thus may confound the findings. Although the study participants (children ages ≤6 years) were asked to abstain from food or drink intake before sample collection, we were unable to check their compliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted metabolomics of pellicle and saliva in children with different caries activity

Schulz

Lang

Behr

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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pellicle is the initial proteinaceous layer that is formed almost instantaneously on all solid surfaces in the oral cavity. it is of essential relevance for any interactions and metabolism on the tooth surface. Up to now, there is no information on the metabolome of this structure. Accordingly, the present study aims to characterise the metabolomic profile of in-situ pellicle in children with different caries activity for the first time in comparison to saliva. Small molecules such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids, putatively involved in the formation of caries were quantified using mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, such as (stable isotope dilution analysis)-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS and gas chromatography/electron ionisation-MS. pellicle and corresponding saliva samples were collected from caries-active, caries-free and caries-rehabilitated 4-to 6-year-old children. The most abundant analytes in pellicle were acetic acid (1.2-10.5 nmol/cm 2), propionic acid (0.1-8.5 nmol/cm 2), glycine (0.7-3.5 nmol/cm 2), serine (0.08-2.3 nmol/cm 2), galactose (galactose + mannose; 0.035-0.078 nmol/cm 2), lactose (0.002-0.086 nmol/cm 2), glucose (0.018-0.953 nmol/cm 2), palmitic acid (0.26-2.03 nmol/cm 2), and stearic acid (0.34-1.81 nmol/cm 2). Significant differences depending on caries activity were detected neither in saliva nor in the corresponding pellicle samples. Despite a general worldwide decline, tooth decay still remains a severe problem for both health and the economy. In 2010, the cost for medical treatment of dental diseases was USD 298 billion worldwide, corresponding to 4.6% of the total global health-care expenditure 1. Although considered preventable, caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in Europe, with up to 100% of the adults having an experience with it 2. The disease can arise already in the first years of life and challenges the physiological and psychological health of both children and their parents 3,4. Furthermore, 621 million children are affected worldwide 5. Up to 26% of 3-year-olds in Germany already show the initial stage of early childhood caries (ECC) or nursing bottle syndrome 6. ECC is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child ages ≤6 years and can be characterised, for example, by the dmf/s = decayed, missing, filled surface (dmf/s) or decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmf/t) index 7. The development of caries in general and ECC in particular is a multifactorial process 8 , with contributions found in irresponsible feeding practice with unrestricted access to sweetened beverages especially at night, presence of cariogenic microorganisms, genetic factors and in particular inadequate oral hygiene habits 3. The physical damage of the teeth, e.g. lesions and cavities, is considered the final and visible stage within the progression of this complex illness 9. Aside from local pain, untreated caries can successively evolve from lesions further ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted metabolomics of pellicle and saliva in children with different caries activity

Schulz

Lang

Behr

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…This idea is supported by our observation that GroP WTA could restore growth of S. aureus when phosphate was limiting and that glpQ expression levels were induced by phosphate-limiting conditions. Indeed, the concentrations of phosphate vary strongly in different parts of the human body, being as low as 0.057 Ϯ 0.03 mM in sweat (28), 0.38 Ϯ 0.03 mM in human blood (6), 28 Ϯ 36 mM in saliva (7), or between 0.75 and 7 mM in nasal secretions (8,9). In certain environments S. aureus may depend on GlpQ to ensure sufficient availability of phosphate for robust growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus counters phosphate limitation by scavenging wall teichoic acids from other staphylococci via the teichoicase GlpQ

Jorge

Schneider

Unsleber

et al. 2018

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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is part of the human nasal and skin microbiomes along with other bacterial commensals and opportunistic pathogens. Nutrients are scarce in these habitats, demanding effective nutrient acquisition and competition strategies. How copes with phosphate limitation is still unknown. Wall teichoic acid (WTA), a polyol-phosphate polymer, could serve as a phosphate source, but whether can utilize it during phosphate starvation remains unknown. secretes a glycerophosphodiesterase, GlpQ, that cleaves a broad variety of glycerol-3-phosphate (GroP) headgroups of deacylated phospholipids, providing this bacterium with GroP as a carbon and phosphate source. Here we demonstrate that GlpQ can also use glycerophosphoglycerol derived from GroP WTA from coagulase-negative, , and, which share the nasal and skin habitats with Therefore, GlpQ is the first reported WTA-hydrolyzing enzyme, or teichoicase, from Activity assays revealed that unmodified WTA is the preferred GlpQ substrate, and the results from MS analysis suggested that GlpQ uses an exolytic cleavage mechanism. Importantly, GlpQ did not hydrolyze the ribitol-5-phosphate WTA polymers of, underscoring its role in interspecies competition rather than in cell wall homeostasis or WTA recycling. expression was strongly up-regulated under phosphate limitation, and GlpQ allowed to grow in the presence of GroP WTA as the sole phosphate source. Our study reveals a novel and unprecedented strategy of for acquiring phosphate from bacterial competitors under the phosphate-limiting conditions in the nasal or skin environments.

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“…Increases in salivary organic acid concentrations have not been previously reported following radiotherapy. While lactate has been detected in saliva collected directly from the parotid glands [ 24 ], the oral flora is considered to be the major source of organic acids, which are metabolites produced by the bacterial breakdown of carbohydrates [ 25 ]. A greater oral microbial load associated with increased dental plaque following radiation therapy may have been a possible cause of increased salivary lactate levels in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Anionic Changes after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A 1-Year Prospective Study

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesTo investigate the salivary anionic changes of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by radiotherapy.Material and MethodsThirty-eight patients with T1-4, N0-2, M0 NPC received conventional radiotherapy. Stimulated whole saliva was collected at baseline and 2, 6 and 12 months after radiotherapy. Salivary anions levels were measured using ion chromatography.ResultsA reduction in stimulated saliva flow and salivary pH was accompanied by sustained changes in anionic composition. At 2 months following radiotherapy, there was a significant increase in chloride, sulphate, lactate and formate levels while significant reductions in nitrate and thiocyanate levels were found. No further changes in these anion levels were observed at 6 and 12 months. No significant changes were found in phosphate, acetate, or propionate levels throughout the study period.ConclusionsConventional radiotherapy has a significant and prolonged impact on certain anionic species, likely contributing to increased cariogenic properties and reduced antimicrobial capacities of saliva in NPC patients post-radiotherapy.

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Analyses of organic acids and inorganic anions and their relationship in human saliva before and after glucose intake

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Targeted metabolomics of pellicle and saliva in children with different caries activity

Targeted metabolomics of pellicle and saliva in children with different caries activity

Staphylococcus aureus counters phosphate limitation by scavenging wall teichoic acids from other staphylococci via the teichoicase GlpQ

Salivary Anionic Changes after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A 1-Year Prospective Study

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