Analyses of the transcriptome of Bombyx mori cells infected with either BmNPV or AcMNPV

Chen, Yuwei; Wu, Chien‐Ping; Wu, Tsai-Chin; Wu, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2017.10.009

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Baculoviruses are double-stranded circular DNA viruses with genomes of ∼80-180 kb. Baculoviruses can infect many species of arthropods, among which lepidopteran larvae are the most common host (1,2). Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is the most thoroughly studied baculovirus, and it has been established as the primary baculovirus expression system since the 1980's (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenosine Receptor Modulates Permissiveness of Baculovirus (Budded Virus) Infection via Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Bombyx mori

et al. 2020

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Although the modulation of host physiology has been interpreted as an essential process supporting baculovirus propagation, the requirement of energy supply for host antivirus reactions could not be ruled out. Our present study showed that metabolic induction upon AcMNPV (budded virus) infection of Bombyx mori stimulated virus clearance and production of the antivirus protein, gloverin. In addition, we demonstrated that adenosine receptor signaling (AdoR) played an important role in regulating such metabolic reprogramming upon baculovirus infection. By using a second lepidopteran model, Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-21 cells, we demonstrated that the glycolytic induction regulated by adenosine signaling was a conservative mechanism modulating the permissiveness of baculovirus infection. Another interesting finding in our present study is that both BmNPV and AcMNPV infection cause metabolic activation, but it appears that BmNPV infection moderates the level of ATP production, which is in contrast to a dramatic increase upon AcMNPV infection. We identified potential AdoR miRNAs induced by BmNPV infection and concluded that BmNPV may attempt to minimize metabolic activation by suppressing adenosine signaling and further decreasing the host's anti-baculovirus response. Our present study shows that activation of energy synthesis by adenosine signaling upon baculovirus infection is a host physiological response that is essential for supporting the innate immune response against infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although AcMNPV and BmNPV have highly similar genetic structures, they have very different host ranges (5,6). AcMNPV is able to infect the broader range of lepidopteran larvae but has a lower capacity to infect B. mori, whereas BmNPV can only infect B. mori and is not capable of infecting the larvae of other Lepidoptera species (1,7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Receptor Modulates Permissiveness of Baculovirus (Budded Virus) Infection via Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Bombyx mori

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, qPCR was used to quantitate virus copy numbers 55,56 . AcMNPV was cultured using the IPLB-Sf-21 cell line and qPCR was used to quantitate virus titers 57 . S. litura SL1A cells were cultured in TC-100 medium (USBio) containing 10% FBS (Gibco BRL) and cultured in a 26 °C incubator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snellenius manilae bracovirus suppresses the host immune system by regulating extracellular adenosine levels in Spodoptera litura

Chang

Tang

Lin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Sufficient energy supply to the host immune system is important for resisting pathogens. Therefore, during pathogen infection, the host metabolism is reassigned from storage, growth, and development to the immune system. Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated that systemic metabolic switching upon an immune challenge is activated by extracellular adenosine signaling, modulating carbohydrate mobilization and redistributing energy to the hemocytes. In the present study, we discovered that symbiotic virus (SmBV) of the parasitoid wasp Snellenius manilae is able to down-regulate the extracellular adenosine of its host, Spodoptera litura, to inhibit metabolism switching. The decreased carbohydrate mobilization, glycogenolysis, and ATP synthesis upon infection results in the host being unable to supply energy to its immune system, thus benefitting the development of wasp larvae. When we added adenosine to the infected S. litura larvae, we observed enhanced host immune responses that decreased the pupation rate of S. manilae. Previous studies showed that after pathogen infection, the host activates its adenosine pathway to trigger immune responses. However, our results suggest a different model: we found that in S. manilae, SmBV modulates the host adenosine pathway such that wasp eggs and larvae can evade the host immune response.

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“…Thirty virus-infected adult female flies per experiment were injected into the thorax with 30 nL of dsRNA (3 mg/mL) using a glass needle (Sutter instrument Co.) coupled to a nanoinjector (InjectMan; Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). Three days later, the whole bodies of flies were processed for total RNA extraction according to previous studies [29]. The obtained RNA was reverse-transcribed, and the cDNA was used for the analysis of gene expression using RT-qPCR as previously described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Regulatory Host Genes Involved in Sigma Virus Replication Using RNAi Knockdown in Drosophila

liao

Tang

et al. 2019

Insects

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The Drosophila melanogaster sigma virus, a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, specifically propagates itself in D. melanogaster. It contains six genes in the order of 3′-N–P–X–M–G–L-5′. The sigma virus is the only arthropod-specific virus of the Rhabdoviridae family. Sigma-virus-infected Drosophila may suffer from irreversible paralysis when exposed to a high CO2 concentration, but generally, no other symptoms are reported. A recent study reported that host gene expression in immune pathways was not changed in sigma-virus-infected Drosophila, which does not necessarily suggest that they are not involved in virus–host interactions. The present study aimed to identify host genes associated with sigma virus replication. Immune pathways JAK-STAT and IMD were selected for detailed study. The results showed that the genome copy number of the sigma virus increased after knocking down the immune pathway genes domeless and PGRP-LC in Drosophila S2 cells. The knocking down of domeless and PGRP-LC significantly up-regulated the expression of the L gene compared to the other viral genes. We propose that the immune pathways respond to sigma virus infection by altering L expression, hence suppressing viral replication. This effect was further tested in vivo, when D. melanogaster individuals injected with dsdome and dsPGRP-LC showed not only an increase in sigma virus copy number, but also a reduced survival rate when treated with CO2. Our study proved that host immunity influences viral replication, even in persistent infection. Knocking down the key components of the immune process deactivates immune controls, thus facilitating viral expression and replication. We propose that the immunity system of D. melanogaster regulates the replication of the sigma virus by affecting the L gene expression. Studies have shown minimal host–virus interaction in persistent infection. However, our study demonstrated that the immunity continued to affect viral replication even in persistent infection because knocking down the key components of the immune process disabled the relevant immune controls and facilitated viral expression and replication.

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Analyses of the transcriptome of Bombyx mori cells infected with either BmNPV or AcMNPV

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Adenosine Receptor Modulates Permissiveness of Baculovirus (Budded Virus) Infection via Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Bombyx mori

Adenosine Receptor Modulates Permissiveness of Baculovirus (Budded Virus) Infection via Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Bombyx mori

Snellenius manilae bracovirus suppresses the host immune system by regulating extracellular adenosine levels in Spodoptera litura

Identification of Regulatory Host Genes Involved in Sigma Virus Replication Using RNAi Knockdown in Drosophila

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