Analysis and Comparison of Energy Efficiency of Commercially Available Battery Electric Buses

Ranta, Mikaela; Pihlatie, Mikko; Pellikka, Ari-Pekka; Laurikko, Juhani; Rahkola, Pekka; Anttila, Joel

doi:10.1109/vppc.2017.8331010

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…where, g is gravity, W bus is the weight of the empty bus, ∆ down is the elevation difference, η down is the efficiency from wheel to battery that was considered to be equal to 0.40 [31] for BEBs and FCEBs, and with η clima of 0.75. A worst case assumption has been made, that the bus is full when going upwards and it is empty when going downwards (so max weight to be lifted up, and min possibility to recover energy travelling down) [31]. All BEBs in the simulation have an initial level of the battery (90%)/FCEBs a level of tank of (100%).…”

Section: Vehicle Modelling and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Scenarios to Switch the Whole Regional Bus Fleet of an Italian Alpine Region to Zero-Emission Buses

Sparber

Grotto

Zambelli

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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Public bus decarbonization is increasingly important to address the global issue of climate change. There are several challenges associated with large-scale introduction of zero-emission technologies in public fleets. This is especially the case in an extra-urban context, of mountain regions with challenging weather conditions. In this work the analysis of the state-of-the-art ZEBs, local bus lines, and timetables was performed to understand the best fit of technology—battery electric buses (BEBs) or fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs)—for each line in such a region. Further, a simulation tool was developed to calculate the compatibility of zero-emission technologies with the current needs of the public transportation considering distance, altitude difference, and climate conditions. The results show that a complete switch of the fleet is possible with a slight increase in the number of buses and that there is no clear difference in the distance covered in mountainous areas by BEBs versus FCEBs, but that both technologies can cover similar distances. The tool developed is not limited to bus fleets but can be applied to all kinds of fleets that cover clearly defined daily routes.

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Section: Vehicle Modelling and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Scenarios to Switch the Whole Regional Bus Fleet of an Italian Alpine Region to Zero-Emission Buses

Sparber

Grotto

Zambelli

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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show abstract

“…In contrast, other buses are slow or fast charged in specific charging stations, overnight or in dedicated bus stops. Some researchers have created models for determining the optimal number and location of required charging stations for a bus network and the adequate battery capacity for each bus line [10,18,29,30]. Some studies also report efforts to quickly change the battery in a battery-changing station [20].…”

Section: Theoretical Background 21 Challenges and Opportunities For W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting Up and Operating Electric City Buses in Harsh Winter Conditions

Vehviläinen¹,

Lavikka

Rantala

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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The city of Tampere in Finland aims to be carbon-neutral in 2030 and wanted to find out how the electrification of public transport would help achieve the climate goal. Research has covered topics related to electric buses, ranging from battery technologies to lifecycle assessment and cost analysis. However, less is known about electric city buses’ performance in cold climatic zones. This study collected and analysed weather and electric city bus data to understand the effects of temperature and weather conditions on the electric buses’ efficiency. Data were collected from four battery-electric buses and one hybrid bus as a reference. The buses were fast-charged at the market and slow-charged at the depot. The test route ran downtown. The study finds that the average energy consumption of the buses during winter was 40–45% higher than in summer (kWh/km). The effect of cabin cooling is minor compared to the cabin heating energy needs. The study also finds that infrastructure needs to have enough safety margins in case of faults and additional energy consumption in harsh weather conditions. In addition, appropriate training for operators, maintenance and other personnel is needed to avoid disturbances caused by charging and excessive energy consumption by driving style.

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Energy Management Improvement Based on Fleet Digitalization Data Exploitation for Hybrid Electric Buses

López¹,

Herrera

Camblong

et al. 2019

Springer Optimization and Its Applications

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Analysis and Comparison of Energy Efficiency of Commercially Available Battery Electric Buses

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Different Scenarios to Switch the Whole Regional Bus Fleet of an Italian Alpine Region to Zero-Emission Buses

Evaluation of Different Scenarios to Switch the Whole Regional Bus Fleet of an Italian Alpine Region to Zero-Emission Buses

Setting Up and Operating Electric City Buses in Harsh Winter Conditions

Energy Management Improvement Based on Fleet Digitalization Data Exploitation for Hybrid Electric Buses

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