Analysis and Control of a Flywheel Hybrid Vehicular Powertrain

Shen, Shuiwen; Veldpaus, F.E.

doi:10.1109/tcst.2004.824792

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This results in that the engine often delivers less power than its maximum. A torque assisting system [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], which provides an additional power, not only reduces the engine size significantly but also enables intermittent engine operation [14] (or Start-Stop operation [13]). On the basis of this point, the hybrid electric/mechanical powertrain (HEV) has attracted serious attention as it is expected to save over 10% of fuel consumption [15].…”

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current paper contributes to the fuel economy research by proposing a concept for an IdleStop and Go (SG) system utilizing a zero inertia (ZI) powertrain [11][12][13][24][25][26]. The proposed system switches the engine off when the vehicle comes to a standstill.…”

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If C f is opened, the system reduces to the conventional CVT powertrain, otherwise it is the ZI powertrain. The control of the CVT [30,31] and ZI [12,24,26] powertrain is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Control Strategy For the Fourth Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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IdleStop and Go: a way to improve fuel economy

Shen

Vroemen

Veldpaus

2006

Vehicle System Dynamics

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This paper proposes a mechanical solution to save fuel by shutting down an internal combustion engine whenever it is unnecessary for propulsion, e.g., when a vehicle is waiting for traffic lights. The engine and vehicle are restarted using the energy that is stored in a flywheel. Two additional clutches are needed to enable appropriate power flow from the flywheel to the engine and vehicle. This complicates the powertrain dynamics in that the number of degrees of freedom changes due to clutch operations. Therefore, a hybrid control strategy, which is treated as a top-level controller, is introduced to deal with this finite-state mechanical system. At the lower level, the engine and clutches are controlled in a coordinated manner such that the vehicle is launched according to the driver's demands. Using a comprehensive powertrain simulation package, the proposed controller is evaluated numerically.

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Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

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IdleStop and Go: a way to improve fuel economy

Shen

Vroemen

Veldpaus

2006

Vehicle System Dynamics

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“…To avoid the use of multiple transmissions, 2-DoF FHV systems have been proposed [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The two-mode flywheel hybrid, introduced by General Motors (GM), includes five clutches and one CVT to implement a multi-mode 2-DoF FHV [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Power-Split Flywheel Hybrid Vehicle

2018

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Despite the advantages of flywheel energy storage, including low cost, a long life-cycle, and high reliability, the flywheel hybrid vehicle (FHV) has not yet been mass-produced because it usually uses two transmissions, one for the engine and the other for the flywheel, which leads to cost, packaging, and complexity concerns. In this paper, a novel power-split flywheel hybrid powertrain (PS-FHV) that uses only one transmission is proposed to mitigate these issues. The proposed PS-FHV includes one continuously variable transmission (CVT) and three planetary gear-sets integrated with a flywheel, to provide full hybrid functionality at any speed, which leads to high fuel economy and fast acceleration performance. To prove and verify the PS-FHV operation, the system was modeled and analyzed using a lever analogy to demonstrate that the system is capable of performing power distribution and regulation control, which are required for hybrid driving modes. Using the derived model, PS-FHV driving was simulated to assess the feasibility of the proposed system and estimate its performance. The simulation results confirm that the PS-FHV is a feasible system and that, compared to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), it provides comparable fuel economy and better acceleration performance.

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“…These drives are more commonly mechanical solutions, such as the belt type CVTs in [90]. These types of transmissions can also be expanded with a signicant energy storage, such as a battery [16], supercapacitor [17], pressure vessel [30] or ywheel [85], to form a series hybrid powertrain. Regardless of the type of transmission, the innite number of gear ratios greatly increases the freedom in actively selecting the engine speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Predictive Control of Wheel Loader Transmissions

Nilsson

2015

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The cover illustrations show wheel loaders at work. The transmissions of present heavy wheel loaders are in general based on torque converters. The characteristics of this component suits these machines, especially in that it enables thrust from zero vehicle speed without risk of stalling the engine, without active control. Unfortunately, the component also causes losses which might become large compared to the transmitted power. One approach for mitigating these losses is to switch to a continuously variable transmission.Changing to such a system greatly increases the possibility, and the need, for actively selecting the engine speed, and here a conict emerges. A low engine speed is desired for high eciency but a high speed is required for high power.Heavy wheel loaders often operate according to a common repeating pattern known as the short loading cycle.This cycle is extremely transient, which makes the choice of engine operating point both important and dicult. At the same time, the repeating pattern in the operation enables a rough prediction of the future operation. One way to use the uncertain prediction is to use optimization techniques for selecting the best control actions. This requires a method for detecting the operational pattern and producing a prediction from this, to formulate a manageable optimization problem, and for solving this, and nally to actually control the machine according to the optimization results.This problem is treated in the four papers that are included in this dissertation.The rst paper describes a method for automatically detecting when the machine is operating according to any of several predened patterns. The detector uses events and automata descriptions of the cycles, which makes the method simple yet powerful. In the evaluations over 90% of the actual cycles are detected and correctly identied. The detector also enables a quick analysis of large datasets. In several of the following papers this is used to condense measured data sequences into statistical cycles for the control optimization.In the second paper dynamic programming and Pontryagin's maximum principle is applied to a simplied system consisting of a diesel engine and a generator. Methods are developed based on the maximum principle analysis, for nding the fuel optimal trajectories at output power steps, and the simplicity of the system enables a deeper analysis of these solutions. The methods are used to examine and visualize the mechanisms behind the solutions at power transients, and the models form the basis for the models in the following papers.The third paper describes two dierent concepts for implementing dynamic programming based optimal control of a hydrostatic transmission. In this system one load component forms a stochastic state constraint, and the concepts present two dierent strategies for handling this constraint. The controller concepts are evaluated through simulations, in terms of implementability, robustness against uncertainties in the prediction and fuel savings. generell kunskap om hur m...

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Analysis and Control of a Flywheel Hybrid Vehicular Powertrain

Cited by 38 publications

References 39 publications

IdleStop and Go: a way to improve fuel economy

IdleStop and Go: a way to improve fuel economy

Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Power-Split Flywheel Hybrid Vehicle

Optimal Predictive Control of Wheel Loader Transmissions

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