Analysis and Countermeasures of Wormhole and Sinkhole Attacks in WBAN

Abstract

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a promising technology that is having a significant number of applications in healthcare. Despite having several benefits, WBAN is susceptible to several security attacks, particularly related to the node misbehavior attacks such as sinkholes, wormholes, blackholes, and gray hole attacks. In this research work, the performance of the AODV protocol against wormhole and sinkhole attacks has been analyzed. This comparison-based study has been achieved for the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), NRL (Normalized Routing Load), residual energy, packet loss, average throughput, and average end-to-end delay metrics for WBAN with 20 and 50 nodes respectively. The results show that in 20 nodes network the PDR and average throughput of the sinkhole is 32% and 53% more than the wormhole attack, respectively. However, NRL is 36% and the average e2e delay is 63% less than the wormhole attack. In 50 nodes network, the PDR of a sinkhole attack is 26% and the average throughput is 10.7% more than the wormhole attack. Though, NRL and average e2e delays are 41.7% and 78.5% less than the wormhole attack, respectively. Hence, the wormhole attack in either network is more destructive than the sinkhole attack. Based on the simulation results, some solutions against the mentioned attacks have been recommended.

Minimization of End-to-End Delay for an Improved Dual-Sink Cluster-Based Routing in WBAN

“…In this work [11,[36][37][38][39][40], they proposed a technique that minimized the transmission of the packet's energy by the sensor nodes. In their work [41], they carry out the node's energy reimbursement for the true estimate's error threshold as juxtaposed from the future estimate to minimize the energy consumption in the network.…”