The traditional vane spiral steel pipe pile falls short of meeting the required bearing capacity, necessitating an enhancement in the geometric structure. As such, this paper proposed a novel spiral steel pipe pile with a variable vane diameter is proposed, for which a comprehensive field test was conducted, comprising six groups of compression tests and six groups of uplift tests, each consisting of one compressive pile and two uplift piles. These tests aim to investigate the impact of blade spacing and blade diameter on the bearing capacity. To validate the precision and accuracy of the model, we utilized numerical simulation software for modeling and compared the results with the measured data. In conjunction with the findings from the field test and numerical simulation, the enhancement effect on the ultimate bearing capacity of the improved new steel pipe spiral pile was analyzed. The study reveals that variations in pile type parameters significantly impact the bearing capacity, with the gradual change of blade diameter showing a positive correlation with the ultimate bearing capacity of the spiral steel pipe pile. Additionally, blade spacing plays a crucial role in determining the bearing mode of the spiral steel pipe pile, making changes in blade spacing equally influential on its ultimate bearing capacity. Notably, when considering the equal amount of steel consumption, the new spiral steel pipe pile demonstrates significant improvements in comparison to the traditional counterpart. Specifically, it showcases a substantial increase of approximately 28% in compression bearing capacity and a remarkable uplift bearing capacity boost of about 13%. These investigations substantiated the feasibility of using ABAQUS numerical simulation software to analyze the bearing capacity of the new spiral steel pipe pile and the reliability of its application in foundations with uneven bearing capacity in rural housing construction. As a consequence, these findings provide a valuable theoretical basis for implementing the new spiral steel pipe pile in rural housing construction projects.