“…Actually, fair exchange includes the following different but related issues: contract signing protocols [20,12,16,6,2,4,23,33,7], certified e-mail systems [39,30,5,28,1], non-repudiation protocols [38,31,27], and epayment schemes in electronic commerce [15,34]. For more references and discussions on the relationships between those conceptions, please refer to [3,31].…”