Analysis and initial design of bidirectional acoustic tag modulation schemes and communication protocol

Corregidor, Daniel; Masmitja, I.; López, Juan M.; Gomáriz, S.; Navarro, Joan; Arcas, Guillermo de

doi:10.1109/i2mtc50364.2021.9460108

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Finally, a frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation has been chosen, which has a great relation between robustness in front of a reduced signal to noise ratio (SNR) and simplicity to be implemented in small microcontrollers. See [21] for more information. Fig.…”

Section: B Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturised bidirectional acoustic tag to enhance marine animal tracking studies

Masmitja

Corregidor

López

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

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and the implications of the human actions in the environment (i.e. climate change [7], ocean acidification [8] or fishing exploitation [9]), have led to the development of new technologies and strategies. These have pushed the boundaries of traditional tracking methods such as presence/absence detections and long baseline (LBL) systems [10].In addition, other studies have focused on the development of new tags, which have been specifically designed to accomplish challenging tasks. For example, in [11] the authors proposed a flexible and stretchable skin-like tag, or in [12] where a soft-bodied invertebrate eco-sensor tag is presented. Nonetheless, these tags work as dataloggers, and must be recovered to download the information, or the animal must reach the surface to have access to it through land-based wireless communications (i.e. Bluetooth or satellite). Others, such as [13], [14] have focused on piezoelectric transducers design to maximise acoustic tag performance.At present, all the acoustic tags have a unidirectional communication protocol (i.e. the tag transmits an acoustic signal, which is recorded by a receiver, but cannot receive any signal by an external device). This characteristic introduces important limitations such as: (i) the impossibility to configure the tag after the deployment; (ii) the difficulty to compute the distance between the tag and the receiver (i.e. the time of flight (TOF)), and therefore, range-based target tracking methods are not possible [15], [16]; and (iii), the limitation of tag intercommunication, which could difficult the implementation of acoustic underwater networks, and use the tagged species as mobile nodes.To improve the current state-of-the-art of electronic tags, we propose a bidirectional tag device which will allow more accurate studies and will open a new wide tracking capability using autonomous underwater vehicles and range-based algorithms. Moreover, thanks to the embedded microprocessor, the tag could also be used to create an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) [17], enabling IoT applications and swarm concepts [18].

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Section: B Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturised bidirectional acoustic tag to enhance marine animal tracking studies

Masmitja

Corregidor

López

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

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“…Off-the-shelf acoustic tags are offered in various sizes and capabilities, but all feature unidirectional communication to a receiver or data logger. Previous articles have put forward a bidirectional acoustic tag topology, its electronic design, and a suitable Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation protocol [7], [8]. This bidirectional capability helps minimize the ecological impact of studies performed on MPA (i.e., reduces the need to have multiple receivers to know the target's position).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering a testbed for bidirectional acoustic tag development

Batet,

Masmitja,

Sarria

et al. 2023

OCEANS 2023 - Limerick

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented to mitigate the effects of climate change and overfishing on various marine ecosystems. Nonetheless, these areas need constant monitoring to assure their actual utility. Tools like acoustic tags are used to study the animals' behavioural patterns and obtain valuable information to improve MPAs. Recently, new architectures have been proposed to overcome the inherent limitations of off-the-shelf tags, for example, by implementing bidirectional communication capabilities. In this paper, the testbed topology and methodology used to develop these bidirectional acoustic tags are discussed alongside the laboratory results achieved.

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Analysis and initial design of bidirectional acoustic tag modulation schemes and communication protocol

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Miniaturised bidirectional acoustic tag to enhance marine animal tracking studies

Miniaturised bidirectional acoustic tag to enhance marine animal tracking studies

Engineering a testbed for bidirectional acoustic tag development

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