Analysis and Mitigation of AC Losses in High Performance Propulsion Motors

Hebala, Ahmed; Nuzzo, Stefano; Connor, Peter H.; Volpe, Giuseppe; Gerada, Chris; Galea, Michael

doi:10.3390/machines10090780

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The losses in an electrical machine can be classified into several groups: the mechanical losses, due to friction and the speed of the machine, the electrical losses in the windings located in the slots of the machine stator (copper losses, composed of AC and DC losses [17]), and the magnetic losses in the various ferromagnetic parts of the electric motor (iron losses), which are divided into eddy current losses and hysteresis losses. The losses in the magnets are neglected here.…”

Section: Losses In the Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Losses in a Motor Fed by a Conventional Inverter and a Battery Distributed Inverter

Jardot,

Krebs,

Lahlou

et al. 2023

Energies

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In the past decade, car manufacturers have started electrifying the traction chain of their vehicles. Although these vehicles attract more and more drivers, most of them have a limited range and are prohibitively expensive. Manufacturers must therefore offer high-performance conversion chains (particularly in terms of efficiency) while controlling costs. The power converter is a particularly crucial element of the conversion chains: it supplies the traction motor, and its structure and the way it is controlled can greatly influence the overall efficiency of the drive train. This paper studies two conversion structures that can be used as vehicle power converters, which are modeled and associated with an electric machine. The first is a classical three-phase inverter, and the second is a breakthrough architecture called IBIS (Intelligent Battery Integrated System). This battery integrates the conversion function directly into the battery, which reduces material costs. Two loss phenomena are also studied and modeled (with the help of finite element methods): iron losses in the electrical machine (magnetic losses in the ferromagnetic material used) and copper losses in the conductors (AC and DC losses in the conductors). The impact of the architecture is evaluated on a set of operating points from a road cycle standardized by the WLTP procedure.

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Section: Losses In the Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Losses in a Motor Fed by a Conventional Inverter and a Battery Distributed Inverter

Jardot,

Krebs,

Lahlou

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…However, its energy consumption is significant compared to other machinery [1]. Therefore, researchers like [1] propose improving the mechanical pump design, while others suggest replacing the IM with more efficient permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) [2][3][4][5][6]. This manuscript focuses on moving centrifugal pumps with PMSMs.…”

Section: Introduction 1motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, centrifugal pumps driven by PMSMs have a 5%, 8%, and 10% higher efficiency than those driven by IMs for flow rates of 100 m 3 /h at 100%, 80%, and 60% speeds, respectively. The works [3,4] propose customizing PMSM design for this application, while [5,6] study a variable speed PMSM for water pumps powered by an AC-AC converter fed by photovoltaic panels. The works [5,6] use a two-level voltage source inverter controlled by model reference adaptive control (MRAC).…”

Section: Introduction 1motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Control of M3C-Based Variable Speed Drive for Multiple Permanent-Magnet-Synchronous-Motor-Driven Centrifugal Pumps

Mendoza-Becker,

Travieso-Torres,

Díaz

2023

Machines

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There has been growing interest in using permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for pumping applications to improve energy efficiency. One promising approach for powering these motors in variable speed applications is using an M3C due to its inherent fault tolerance capability. However, M3C converters require a more complex control system than simpler converters. For instance, a basic M3C control system for power transmission requires seventeen PI controllers, whose fixed adjustment depends on the M3C’s dynamical model parameters’ value knowledge, needing initial extensive and time-consuming testing to obtain it. As an alternative, we propose an adaptive M3C control system for variable speed drives powering multiple PMSM-driven centrifugal pumps that reduces the number of controllers to six. Furthermore, the proposal does not require initial knowledge of the converter, motor, or load parameters, making it more practical and versatile. The proposal introduces an ad hoc hybrid passivity-based model reference adaptive controller in cascade with a passivity-based control. It was validated through theoretical stability proof and comparative simulation results with a basic control system under normal and fault operations. As a result, the proposal effectively follows the required rotor speed while enhancing performance by decreasing the current consumption and recovering from a 10% input phase imbalance, a cell short circuit, an open cell, and parameters changes of the motor–pump set.

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“…For example, they can be mitigated by using a less electrically conductive material, such as AlSi10Mg [3]- [5], which can also improve the overall machine weight due to its reduced mass density. Other effective way of reducing AC winding losses is to control the position of the conductors within the slot [6], [7]. Conductors transposition is also a common method of reducing AC losses [8], [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphysics Topology Optimization of Aluminum and Copper Conductors for Automotive Electrical Machines

Lizarribar,

Prieto,

Selema

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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This paper proposes loss & thermally optimised copper and aluminium structures for automotive electrical machines. A first batch of multiphysics optimisation is performed parametrically for 6 different electrical conductor topologies. Then, a multiphysics -thermal and electromagnetic -hybrid parametric and topology optimisation coupled with Multi Objective Differential Evolution (MODE) and with an additional step of Local Search (LS) is proposed. The introduced Topology Optimisation (TO) algorithm is explained in detail and applied to optimise electrical conductor geometries of pure Cu and AlSi10Mg. After that, the manufacturing by Additive Manufacturing (AM) of the most promising model is presented. The produced topology is benchmarked against a well-known fully rectangular structure. The proposed topology optimised geometry has been found to improve conventionally manufactured electrical conductors at intermediate frequencies, around 600-800 Hz, and improves considerably at high frequencies, achieving a reduction in losses of 58% at 2000 Hz comparing to a conventional rectangular copper structure.

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Analysis and Mitigation of AC Losses in High Performance Propulsion Motors

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Calculation of Losses in a Motor Fed by a Conventional Inverter and a Battery Distributed Inverter

Calculation of Losses in a Motor Fed by a Conventional Inverter and a Battery Distributed Inverter

Adaptive Control of M3C-Based Variable Speed Drive for Multiple Permanent-Magnet-Synchronous-Motor-Driven Centrifugal Pumps

Multiphysics Topology Optimization of Aluminum and Copper Conductors for Automotive Electrical Machines

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